Question: (C) Three pinned-end columns have the same material, same length and same cross-sectional area as shown in Fig. 2. The columns are free to

(C) Three pinned-end columns have the same material, same length and same

(C) Three pinned-end columns have the same material, same length and same cross-sectional area as shown in Fig. 2. The columns are free to buckle in any direction. The columns have cross sections as follows: (1) a circle, (2) a square, and (3) an equilateral triangle. Determine the ratio of critical loads Per1: Per2: Per3 for these columns. (1) (2) Fig. 2: A cantilever beam (3) (D) A boiler shell is to be made of 15 mm thick plate having tensile stress of 120 MPa. If the efficiencies of the longitudinal and circumferential joints are 70% and 30% respectively, determine: (i) Maximum permissible diameter of the shell for an internal pressure of 2 MPa. (ii) Permissible intensity of internal pressure when the shell diameter is 1.5 m.

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