came with pre$-$installed software from device manufacturers. Expert information technol$-$ ogy $($IT$)$ staff would update or install new operating system or application software from master copies on local storage media via CD ROM or floppy disks. Software upgrades were frustratingly slow. Today$$s ease of deploying and updating software on computing devices has greatly facilitated rapid evolution and progress in software systems$$as well as deployment of malware. Allowing end$-$users to easily authorize, install and update al$-$ most any so