Operating System Questions and Answers May 17, 2021

Write a simple Hello World program that creates and ends 24 threads in your Linux environment. Document your code and output of the code Include a brief overview of the process, problems encountered (if any) and how you resolved these issues (if applicable). Sample (possible) Outputthis will vary depending on how you approach this program Creating

The latest versions of Linux OS are Ubuntu 21.04 and 21.10. Operating System (OS) and write a detailed report covering the following aspects Type and Structure followed by the chosen versions Programmer Interface and user Interface Process Management .

Process management (refer to Windows (Windows 10) and Linux (Ubuntu)) 1. Focus on how both operating systems handle their process management when it comes to many processes request for CPU resources. You may include relevant scenario. 2. Explain the operating system effect with various CPU type (Intel i7, Intel Xeon AMD, SPARC, etc) 3. Compare and

How do threads increase the efficiency of the operating system (OS) Create additional process control blocks (PCBs) for each process Eliminate the need to create separate process control blocks (PCBs) Limit the number of running processes Terminate one process when another one starts,What describes processes and threads with a blocking system call

Suppose thread A goes through a loop 100 times, each time performing (i) one disk I/O operation, taking 10 milliseconds, and then (ii) some computation, taking 1 millisecond. While each 10-millisecond disk operation is in progress, thread A cannot make any use of the processor. Thread B runs for 1 second, purely in the processor, with no I/O. One

Write a multithreaded program. You will create several threads for example, 100 and each thread will request a pid, sleep for a random period of time, and then release the pid. (Sleeping for a random period approximates the typical pid usage in which a pid is assigned to a new process, the process executes and terminates, and the pid is released

Process Management in Linux Use pstree command to show process in a hierarchy . i) Where is the bash shell process? What are its sub-processes? ii) Use kill [PID] to kill a process you like, for example: kill 1002 Provide screenshot here 3. Use the top command to see running processes. Keep the terminal open and move it aside.

Compare between the two very popular Operating Systems, Windows VS Linux in terms of : b. Process management 1. Focus on how both operating systems handle their process management when it comes to many processes request for CPU resources. You may include relevant scenario. 2. Explain the operating system effect with various CPU type (Intel i7,

Two user-level thread to kernel-level thread mapping schemes are shown in picture below (a) and (b). (i). Describe the effect on the process when the user thread 2 in the picture(a) causes a system call. (ii). Describe the impact on the process when the user thread 4 in the picture(b) causes a system call. (iii). Describe the advantages of the

(1) User threads (2) (3) k (4) (a) Kernel thread (1) k User threads (2) (3) (1) (3) k (4) k (b) Kernel threads

Threads and processes differ by the following Threads require more information in their process control block than processes. Threads are expensive to initialize and execute. Threads will use all the same stack as the process they came from. Threads will take their memory from their process memory space.,Threads and processes differ by the

Discuss interrupts/interrupt processing/multiple interrupts Discuss the historical development of operating systems. Explain the various functions that the operating system must perform in regard to various system functions. For example: Memory management and Process management Explain process states and state transitions with examples Explain why

Five threads are created by a process with PID 10. Name three entities that are unique to threads (i.e. each thread has its own 'copy' potentially different from the other ones of other threads.) Five threads are created by a process with PID 10. Each one of the threads have threadIDs (TID) 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 respectively. What is the value

Write a linux program in c++ that does the following 1. The program shall be invoked as ./threads where is the number of threads. For example, ./threads 10 will create 10 threads. 2. The program will then create the specified number of threads and each thread will then generate 100 random numbers in range of 0 -- 100000 and insert them into the

A machine operator has to perform three operations, turning, threading and knurling on a number of different jobs. The time required to perform these operations (in minutes) on each job is known. Identify the sequence in which the jobs should be processed in order to minimize the total time required to turn out all the jobs also calculate the

Suppose that a user-level thread of a process executes a blocking System call. Does that user-level thread block or do all the threads within the process block in the many-to-one model and the many-to-many mode your answer l? Explain Threads can be terminated either asynchronous cancellation or deferred cancellation. Which cancellation of thread

How can you tell the difference between a process a user can start and a process that runs as a service for all users The name of user processes start with a u The name of user processes end with a u The name of service processes start with a s The name of user processes end with a d,How can you tell the difference between a process a user can

One potential problem with threads is that all threads get an equal chance to be run, and so a process can get more processor time by creating more threads. Suppose we wanted to treat the processes more equally and give equal time to each process no matter how many threads it has. Describe a method to do that

Implement a program that will create two separate threads , one for Best Fit Memory Allocation Algorithm second for Worst Fit Memory Allocation Algorithm. Inputs from user will be taken in parent program. Both threads (Algos) will share the same input. Program will ask the user to enter no. of free memory blocks and sizes. Also, the total number

Thread represents a basic unit of CPU utilization, discuss merits and demerits of user-level threads? Describe the OS mechanism for process management, threads, memory, storage management, I/O, file and concurrency management

Write a C code to perform vector arithmetic Define 3 vectors A100, B100, C100. Get n from as a command line argument. Example if n10, then (vector 10), and create n processes. (n will be one of Divisors of 100). Get operation from user add, sub. Each process will create a number of threads. Number of threads per process 100(10 number of

Write a program in C language to create TWO (2) threads. One thread is a reader thread, it will read a string from the user input, while the other is a writer thread that will print out the string received from the reader thread. Synchronization is necessary and should be achieved using the pthread_mutex_lock() and pthread_mutex_unlock().

Suppose a process is running and has eight user-level threads in it. When the process exits, how many of these threads continue running?Explain

Write a program that generates 4 threads: two withdrawal threads that continue to withdraw $10 from a bank account and two depositing threads that continue to deposit $11 to the same account. Assume there is no limit on the maximum balance of the account but the withdrawal threads should block if the account does not have sufficient fund (i.e.

1) Imagine a server application that receives multiple client requests simultaneously. How can thread management be used to handle these requests efficiently 2) Consider a scenario in which a malicious process attempts to disrupt the operation of an operating system by exploiting vulnerabilities in the process management system. How could the

Consider the concurrently running threads T and T2 below. Both threads access the same variable v and the mutexes M, M2 (that can be acquired using tt acquire() and released using release()). (a) Beschreiben Sie alle mglichen Belegungen von v nach Ausfhrung von T, T2 Describe all possible val ues of v after the execution of T1, T.

Process Y contains two threads. The current states of the process and its threads are as follow. Process Y Running Thread 1 Running Thread 2 Ready Determine the state transition of process Y and both threads when Thread 1 issues a system call if, (i) Kernellevel threads were implemented. (ii) Userlevel threads were implemented.,Process Y contains

1. Write a command that will display the process id number and total cpu for each process accociated with your userid. 2. Write a command that will display the process ID number and total CPU time of the process with the most total CPU time. 3. Write a command that will kill job 1. 4. Write a command that will display the process ID numbers of the

Let a process creates 4 threads to execute in parallel. All four threads increment a global counter by 5 and exits. Initial counter value = 0. The main process will wait till all four threads exit and then print the counter value.

Why do we need to use mutexes in a shared execution environment like a threaded process Because the threads share the entire processs memory Because the threads do not share memory with each other and this way they can. Because if the threads share an object (variabledata), they need to serialize access to that object. Because the shared memory

Write a translator which will translate the PowerShell commands using linux bash shell script. Then, create a main menu consisting of selections of the five cmdlets for monitoring process and memory status of your linux system.

write a kernel module named xyz that lists current processes/tasks in a Linux system based on given selection criteria. Remember that the Process Control Block (PCB) in Linux is represented by the structure task_struct, which is found in the include file. In your code, you are required to iterate over all the current processes in the system using

Memory management is one of the most important features of the operating system because it affects the execution time of process directly. An effective memory management system ensures the accuracy, availability, and consistency of the data imported from the secondary memory to the main memory. Write technical report on the issues and solutions

Write a program to create 2 subprocesses. Thread 1 writes to the text.txt file with the content random, thread 2 reads the content of the text.txt file and outputs it to the screen. Use Semaphore to ensure that only one thread can read or write the file at a time. 2. Language: C 3. Operating system: Linux 4. Compiler: GCC

Propose a system of restaurant management system and solve the following questions: If you are are asked to choose a software development process model for the development of your system, which one would you prefer to choose. Justify the reason for your selection. Write function and

Which device used in Linux memory management can be a partition on the disk or a normal file a. Pointer b. Swap c. Page d. Database To allow two processes to synchronize with each other, Linux provides semaphores. a. exec b. fork c. wait d. pause queues and

What are the key disadvantages of Kernel-level threads? A. A thread calling a blocking system call blocks all other threads B. No more than one CPU/core can be used C. Thread management is relatively costly D. A and B

Process B has two user-level threads, this OS does not provide kernel-level thread. If Thread needs to open a file on disk and therefore issues a blocking system call, what would be the state of Process B and Thread 2, respectively?

Using the threading module, generate 4 threads to concurrently count the prime numbers of the list with each thread processing one quarter of the numbers (i.e., the 1st thread processes n[0] to n[9999], the 2nd thread processes n[10000] to n[19999], etc.); Also, using the time module and insert code to measure the running time of the threads,

Create a program in C or python that can do the following on the provided Kali VM 1. Enumerate all the running processes. 2. List all the running threads within process boundary. 3. Enumerate all the loaded modules within the processes. 4. Is able to show all the executable pages within the processes. 5. Gives us a capability to read the memory.

Three processes are involved in printing a file (pictured below). Process A reads the file data from the disk to Buffer 1, Process B copies the data from Buffer 1 to Buffer 2, finally Process C takes the data from Buffer 2 and print it. Process A Read from File Process B Buffer 1 copy Buffer 2 Process C print Assume all three processes operate

Discuss the process states, as well as the process state transitions, for a computer game with threads for AI, multimedia, and I/O, that runs on a local computer. Also discuss threading and its impact on the process states

Write a program that create an array of 7 threads using for loop and return Thread ID and Process ID from each thread and comments on the IDs of threads and process.

A condition variable in a monitor enables a thread to go to sleep and wake up when A. another thread reads the variable. B. the value of the variable is greater than or equal to some number N. C. another thread sends a signal to that variable. D. another thread increments the variable. Priority inversion is employed when A. A low-priority process

When a page fault occurs, the process requesting the page must block while waiting for the page to be brought from disk into physical memory. Assume that there exists a process with five userlevel threads and that the mapping of user threads to kernel threads is one to one. If one user thread incurs a page fault while accessing its stack, would

If a program is split into x processes and each process is split into y threads, how can we enumerate every thread so that each thread has a unique ID?

How do you remove the Control-M characters from a file?

What is a process? Explain the various fields of the Process Control Block.

What is a system call? Explain the various types of system calls provided by an operating system.

Write a C program to implement Threading and Scynchronization Applications. Read the process thread and thread state and check weather the process thread equals to thread-id or not. Also check the error state of the thread and display the completeted thread process.

Name and describe two separate filesystems supported by Linux What are two methods of configuration management for Linux systems. How does each of these differ?

What are the principal events that cause a process to be created a. CPU interrupt b. Memory virtualization c. Program is run d. Program is crashes The main reason for having threads is a. For many applications to have multiple activities going on at the same time. b. Process crashed and thread was spawned c. Process context switch needs threads d.

1Which of the following is developed for convenient use of system calls a. Kernel b. Application Program Interface c. Command Interpreter d. Shell 2Which of the following best explains bootstrap program a. It is a code that resides in RAM with the purpose of loading kernel from hard disk to RAM when power is switched on. b. It is a code that

Memory management under Linux involves allocating and freeing physical memory and handling virtual memory. a. Describe how Linux manages Physical Memory. b. Describe how Linux manages Virtual Memory. c. Describe how static is different from dynamic linking and how Linux implements dynamic linking.

Discuss the tools and procedures used to access and manage Linux device drivers using examples; Discuss the tools and methods used to monitor hardware devices in a given open source environment; Explain how Linux memory, processes and resources are monitored using appropriate utilities; Describe the features of the shell; Explain the functions

A process in operating system (OS) can be considered a program in execution which require different resources such as CPU cycles, physical memory, or input and output devices to accomplish its task. These resources are assigned to the process in different stages such as in execution or creation stage. Generally the processes in operating system is

Assume a 2 way threaded multicore processor with 6 cores. You are allowed to generate UP TO 80 threads in total, including hardware and software threads for applications that are heavyintense in computations for 2 cases 64 O 32 072 O 56 O 24 O 40 O 16 O 48 the threads get constantly their operands through an external process through pipes, the

What are the existing methods to update, install, and remove a software package in Linux Operating System?

Which portion of a process image contains executable code A. User Data B. User Program C. Stack D. Process Control Block What are the fundamental entities that can be scheduled and dispatched to run on one of the system processors A. Processes B. Kernel Threads C. Lightweight Processes D. Userlevel Threads

You are a research psychologist, and you were recruited to run a study for a video game company. The company has created a new video game that includes commercials for products in the game, but they are worried they wont make any money unless consumers enjoy playing the game with commercials as much as or more than playing the game without the

Lists 3 different distributions of Linux on the Internet. Record where you went to obtain your information. Compare and contrast the different distributions with regard to their strengths and the packages available for each. locate and visit 2 Linux newsgroups. How did you locate them and where did you obtain the information?

Emergence of multicore systems has put greater emphasis on developing novel techniques for concurrency problems, because A) some fundamentally new concurrency problems have arisen that cannot be solved using traditional techniques such as mutex locks, semaphores, and monitors. B) race conditions are much more difficult to solve in multicore

Various Systems-Various OS Needs There are different types of computer hardware systems. To name a few, we have mainframes, minicomputers. PDA, netbook, and embedded devices. They have different capabilities and purposes. how the following systems execute programs. A system could be implementing a batch processing scheme. 1. Mainframe Systems 2.

What is the name of the OS component that can communicate with device controllers and offers a uniform interface to the device to the rest of the OS? device driver interrupt hander device virtualization layer device interface

Describe the difference between a symmetric multiprocessor and a heterogeneous multiprocessor. In a cache-coherent system, if a processor has a cache block in a shared state, and wants to write it, what must it do?

Central Processing Unit (CPU) is one of the main components of a computer system. Answer the following questions related to CPU design and performance thoroughly and concisely. You may draw a diagram to help you answer the questions if necessary. List the major components of a CPU. Instruction pipelines have been widely used to speed up the

1. Discuss and write the present trends in operating system and their applicability for high performance computing 2. Discuss and write the present trends and challenges in operating system. 3. Discuss and write the present trends in operating system with its configurable virtualized system environment for high performance computing. 4. What are

Describe the principles and techniques used by OS to support concurrency and synchronization control. (1) When using spinlocks, a thread will be spin-waiting if the lock is not available. What is the meaning of spin waiting?

Central Processing Unit (CPU) is one of the main components of a computer system. Answer the following questions related to CPU design and performance thoroughly and concisely. You may draw a diagram to help you answer the questions if necessary. Control unit is one of major components in CPU. What is the primary advantage and disadvantage of the

The most common organization for personal computers, workstations, and servers is the time-shared bus. The time-shared bus is the simplest mechanism for constructing a multiprocessors system. The structure and interfaces are basically the same as for a single processor system that uses a bus interconnection. Give a design block diagram symmetric

What is the major advantage of the symmetric approach systems for multiprocessor architectures they can use vectorized interrupts they allow the kernel to run on any processor they are more secure they do not require memory protection

Explain what is OS from the user point of view and system point of view? List the four levels of computer system organization?

Company A wants to install multiple small servers for its databases. For installing those servers, the company has planned to introduce a dedicated Operating System (OS). Company A has hired you to develop such OS for the company. The OS will only be used to install the servers. Servers may be installed at different physical locations. As an OS

To schedule multiple CPUs requires techniques such as push migration and pull migration to achieve load balancing. Two major types of design of multiprocessor schedulers are symmetric and asymmetric. Clearly define each of these two types of migration and indicate whether a symmetric or asymmetric design supports it, naturally.

Suppose you are assigned to modify a multiprocessor OS kernel and need to implement a lock for a critical section in the kernel code. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using (1) spin locks based on atomic instructions (2) semaphores

How can a program benefit from thread synchronization using lock/unlock. Provide example program that performs synchronization of thread process. 2.. In snooping coherence protocol, explain roles of write hit, write miss, read miss, read hit 3.What is the difference between symmetric multiprocessor and distributed shared memory

Symmetric multiprocessors (SMP) and massively parallel processors (MPP) differ in ________ how they use memory how they use CPU how many processors they use how they use network

1. The two major parallel architectural paradigms are ______________ and _________________. A). Single multiprocessors (SMPs), massively parallel processors (MPPs) B). Symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs), multiple parallel processors (MPPs) C). Systematic multiprocessors (SMPs), massively parallel processors (MPPs) D). Symmetric multiprocessors

Compare and itemize the differences between: Object module and executable module b) Synchronous and Asynchronous signals c) Symmetric and asymmetric use of multiprocessors in parallel systems

Which of the following is a computer that used second-generation (transistor) technology? A. IBM 360 B. Atanasoff-Berry computer C. PDP-1 D. Cray-1 The ___________ allows us to form a mathematical expectation of throughput and to compare the relative throughput of systems or system components. harmonic mean Geometric mean Arithmetic mean Median

Compare the loosely coupled configuration and the symmetric multiprocessing configuration for a processor's access to main memory. Give a true-to-life example where the symmetric configuration might be preferred.

Identify three management activities an OS conducts with memory. Why does the OS need to hide peculiarities of I/O subsystems? What is the difference between protection and security? What is the difference between a dumb terminal and a computer?

Discuss the technologies employed by Apple and in the macOS to safeguard devices and data. you might including the following : Hardware security Encryption System security

what MDM is and how it can be used in the enterprise and how enrollment occurs, and what devices and versions of the operating system are supported. also discuss what device and software settings can be managed via MDM for the OS you select.

Explain the various character functions with example.

Explain the various string operations with examples.

Which partition stores the system configuration files in Linux system?

What are the basic commands for user management?

With four parallel tasks, it may seem that four cores will give the best speedup over sequential code. However, there may be cases where less than four cores can give the same speedup as the four cores. Give a brief description of such a case.

Discuss the role played by multithreading in the working on a web server. Give an example to support the response.

Even though using 1 processor, thread usage is still more efficient than using multiple processes. But of course using 2 processors will be even more efficient. Explain in detail and clearly what is meant by that statement along with the reasons and evidence.

Differentiate between multiprocessor systems and many-core systems in terms of power efficiency, cost benefit analysis, instructions processing efficiency, and packaging form factors. Using multiprocessor or many-core systems allows developers to build parallel processing into business applications. Assess the benefits of parallelized business

In Java, two techniques can be used for creating Thread objects. Give a description of each of these techniques.

Which is NOT one of the Threads types? a. CPU-level b. kernel-level c. user-level d. hybrid

What is one common feature and/or difference between processes and threads, and go into as many details as possible on that feature only?

Describe the fundamentals of thread and try to correlate them with the traditional process in operating system.

What are the requirements of cluster analysis? Explain Data Mining Languages Standardization?

Describe what threads do and how they are manipulated in an application.

Explain the security issues of the approach of encryption and security designated for the scenario below.

Cardholder mmm Issuer Payment Network Internet Certificate Authority Acquirer Merchant Payment gateway

Identify the more serious issues involved regarding security and privacy of information.

A system is secure if its resources are used and accessed as intended in all circumstances. Unfortunately, total security cannot be achieved. Nonetheless, we must have mechanisms to make security breaches, both intentional and accidental, a rare occurrence. There are many forms of accidental and malicious violations. Engage in a detailed