Operating System Questions and Answers May 17, 2021

Unix System Administration Shell Programming Modifying & Deleting Users Given the input file active_cs.txt with the following layout generate an output file, modified_users.txt, that will contain the series of commands that would need to be executed to perform the following modifications: Username:Full Name:StudentIDNum:Advisor Name Name Changes

A Unix system architect is addressing service disruptions in a high-traffic web application. Analysis shows that race conditions and deadlocks due to improper process synchronization and resource allocation are the culprits. A synchronization technique is considered, using a variable as a signal for resource availability. This variable a

What is the benefit of using a readerwriter spinlock, compared with a traditional spinlock What are the advantages and disadvantages between a singlelevel paging scheme and a multiplelevel paging scheme Consider a demandpaging system with the following timemeasured utilizations CPU Swap Partition Other IO Devices 5 97 6 Will the following methods

Write a C program that uses UNIX system calls to create two new processes. The first child process should use printf to print out the string Process 1 to standard output. The second child process should use printf to print out the string Process 2 to standard output. The parent process should wait for both child processes to finish and then use

In a Multics system, process P1, running in ring 5 , tries to read a segment with an access bracket of (2,4). Can this read access be granted to P ?NIf another process P2, running in ring 1 , tries to read the same segment, with an access bracket of (2,4), can this read access be granted to P2 ? What if P2 tries to write to the same segment, can

Why have the standards makers chosen to specify that requests for Delivery Status Notifications are to be sent via SMTP, and not via a header in the mail heading? What protocols can be applied when you want to transfer files between different platforms, such as UNIX systems and Windows servers? In a Stop-and-Wait ARQ system, the bandwidth of the

Suppose a file in a UNIX system has permissions rwxrw-r--. Describe the permissions of the owner, group, and others. In drwxrwxrwx format, what would be the permissions for a file where the owner has read access, write access and execute access, the group has only read and execute access, and everyone else has no access? In drwxrwxrwx format, what

Why is the su command terminated with exit ? What is the difference between su and su - romeo ? How can you create another user with the same powers as root? A user romeo belongs to the student group and yet /etc/group doesn't show his name beside the group name. What does that indicate? How will you arrange for a group of users to write to the

Write a definition of a class (called Vehicle), which has three data members: model (data type: string), price (data type: double), crashRating (data type; int). All data should be public. b) With the definition in above , write code to create three instances of the class Vehicle v1, v2, and v3. Set the model to Mustang, Camaro, and Charger

Find information on how to pass arguments to a shell script. Write a shell script named CreateDir.sh that takes a directory name as an argument, and creates it within the current directory. The shell script should use command mkdir internally Find information on how to use command echo to print messages to the terminal. Write a shell script named

Using the schema of the tables, write relational algebra expressions for the following queries. 1 List the name and rating of the products that do not use Windows system. 2 List the user IDs and types of users that have permission to use Unix products. 3 List the product IDs of products that are either Unix systems or have Type X users permitted

users userID password type referred 123 ABC X 234 DEF Y 345 GHI Z 456 ABC Z 567 JKL Y 678 MNO X 789 DEF X products productID 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 123 123 234 234 567 345 name rating system Alpha 1 Win Beta 2 Gamma 1 Delta 3 Epsilon 1 Zeta 2 Eta Unix Win Win Unix Mac Win cost 1000 2000 1500 1250 2500 1000 750 permissions userID 123 123 234 234 234

The traceroute command has several options, which you can read under the manual pages on Unix and Mac (and help on Windows). A snapshot of the options from the manual page on a Unix system is given below: From a terminal window, run a regular traceroute command (without options) on a webserver of your choice and do a Wireshark capture. Answer the

traceroute 46dFITUnreAV f firstttl g gate,... i device m maxttl p port s srcaddr q nqueries N squeries t tos 1 flowlabel w waittime z sendwait UL D P proto sportport M method 0 modoptions mtu back host packetlen

Using Unix system calls, read() and write(), write a C program for integer basic arithmetics. Your program should follow the following sequential steps. Prompt the message This program makes simple arithmetics. Get in an infinite loop then 1. Write the message Enter an arithmetic statement, e.g., 34 132, 2. Read the whole input line, using the

One of the main objections to layered protocols arises from the apparent overhead copying occurs at each layer. How can copying be eliminated? Layered protocols hide all underlying details from applications. Could application software be optimized if an application knew about the underlying networks being used? Explain. Should the Internet

Suppose a user of a UNIX system is currently in the home directory homeuser1. If the user issue the command cd classesabcd123 and then the command pwd, what will be the users current directory Assume all directories exist A user issues the Linux command ls 1 and the following output is displayed on the screen rwrr 1 hulk avengers drwxrxrx 2

Modify the C code to MERGE 2 files, by reading the first file and writing into the second one. (or vice-versa) Once you have compiled the C code, you can execute it by typing ./a.out file1 file2 New file contents will be file2+file1 or file1+file2 (Merged) C code #include #include #include #include #define BLKSIZE 4096 int main(int argc, char

What is the largest file size in a UNIX system that uses 2K data blocks and that uses 2 bytes to address any of the data blocks? What would be required to design and implement in a File System that allows for recovering old versions of files or to undo file deletion.

Unix based operating systems use the salt scheme in order to secure passwords. Answer the following questions: a. What is the purpose of the salt? b. Is salt helpful in an online dictionary attack? Explain if your answer is yes. c. What mechanisms can an attacker use to make an offline dictionary attack on a UNIX system fast and efficient ? d.

Why are telnet and ftp services increasingly disabled on most networks What are they being replaced with O Password in both is sent in clear text, which is in secure. Secure Shell (SSH), which uses encryption, is used. O Telnet and ftp are inefficient. Web based http is efficient and hence is used O Telnet and ftp work only on alike systems. Web

Write a C program called even.c that takes the input parameter n and prints the first n even numbers. We want the program to run slowly, so that it executes long enough to receive a signal. To achieve this, you should place a sleep(5) after every print statement. Compile and run to test it works ok. Most Unix systems will understand SIGHUP and

Write a Script 5.sh that will use a while loop to read the contents of a file activecs.txt and process as follows ( Do not alter the logic... I am intentionally requiring the nested ifelse statement. UsernameFull NameStudentIDNum Advisor Name If the username in first field of the input record does not exist in homeSTUDENTSmajors if the username

Write a program that: 1) Asks from the user an integer number N (N>10) 2) Creates N processes that: a) Each process prints its own PID b) Each process prints the current time (Tip: check the C date and time funcations) 3) The parent process should print its own ID 4) Run the program 5 times and keep the output. Is it different in some cases?

Write a complete C program that will prompt the user to enter an ASCII printable character (note the decimal range should be between 0 and 127, inclusively) and then print out its decimal, hexadecimal, and binary representation. You may assume that the user enters a valid ASCII printable character when prompted. SAMPLE OUTPUT: Enter an ASCII

Briefly describe what the following Unix commands do: i. ls ii. cut iii. paste iv. cat In a Unix system you type: ls -l into the current directory and you see the output: -rwxr-x--- 1 a1234567 student 1396 Apr 3 22:07 test.bash Describe what each of the following parts of the above line means: i. -rwxr-x--- ii. a1234567 student iii. 1396

When you first log on to a new Unix system (as the root user), what command(s) would you execute to see what the system is doing? What results would you expect those commands to return? What command, including any necessary switches or parameters, would you run on a Unix box to identify the load average and how long the server has been up? When

Briefly explain the use of the chmod command and how it can be used. Create a directory in your home directory called myDi; that allows only you to read, write, and execute. No permissions are given to anyone else. Briefly discuss both how and why you would redirect standard input at a UNIX command prompt. Every UNIX and Linux system contains full

The command is 1 produces an output. For example rwrr 1 cg cg 82 Jan 25 0917 main.c Explain what each part of the output in the line means

Write a C program that takes a string and a file as arguments. This program should print out all lines of the file containing the given string. Assume the string will not contain any special characters or regular expression syntax.

Write code that downloads all of the log files ending in `.log` in an S3 bucket and counts the total number of HTTP errors in those logs. Log lines are in the format `{"path": "/", status: 200}` or `{"path": "/", status: 404}`, for example. (This is JSON, and you can process it as such if you choose.) Use the bucket `class6-logs`, the access key

Using a Linux or UNIX command-line interpreter, run the command: vmstat. Provide the result. How many processes are running or waiting to be scheduled? What is the number of context switches per second?

Design a file system that uses inode structure to keep your files. Your file system will use, a inode structure Your file attributes will include size, file creation time, last modification date and time, and name of the file. Write a design report that specifies the following . . Define your directory structure and directory entries Define how

The Unix system can do several things at once. You will have a chance to use process related system calls such as fork, exec and wait. Using fork you can create new processes to perform different tasks; using fork and exec, you can run several programs at the same time; using wait you can access the exit status of a child process. Task: You are

Create two POSIX threads. Let the first thread copy the contents of file1.txt to file2.txt and let the second thread collapse all spaces more than one to one space in an input string. Write the main function to test the working of the two threads. Note Use Unix system calls for file operations. . Write a C to implement the command given below

Study the following UNIX filesystem tree carefully and answer questions a d bin myfirst report lib david usr daniel dev gabriel a. Given that your present working directory (pwd) is usr, write down the absolute and relative pathnames for the files myfirst and report. b. With usr as your pwd, write down the command to change your pwd to gabriel c.

The Unix Philosophy" is that rather than have a custom program for each little thing you want to do, Unix has a collection of useful tools each of which does a specific job (and does it well). To get a job done, one combines the pieces either on the command line or in a shell script. What might be a positive, or negative, with this philosophy?

Computer power users sometimes discuss the benefits of the various operating systems against one another. Some users take an agnostic approach and have no real preference. Others are passionate fans of one system and insist upon its superiority over all others. Forensic investigators do not get to choose what kind of operating system they conduct

Consider a UNIX system with threshold priority of 125. Assume two processes, P1 and P2, which came into the systemat the same time. P1 has a nice value of 15 and'recent CPU usage' 45 ticks. P2 has a nice value of 10 andrecent CPU usage 65 ticks. It is time for scheduling. Which of the two processes will be chosen for execution? P1 because its

A program available on Unix systems (including Macs and Linux machines) called wc returns the number of lines, words, and characters in a file. Write a void function called wc() that does what the Unix wc program does. Its single argument should be the name of a file, and it should print the number of lines, words, and characters in the file as

Write a program in a generator process to perform: 5 threads are responsible to generate 2000 random numbers based on the thread number to send a message format i.e: Thread#1: Thread Number generate to pipeline processing. a pipeline to handle all thread calls with Mustex synchronization. a child process to read from the pipeline and it is stored

Design a number generator and monitor processing as the below diagram Thread 1 (Generate a random number between 1 to 100) Thread 2 (Generate a random number between 101 to 200) Thread 3 (Generate a random number between 201 to 300) Thread 4 (Generate a random number between 301 to 400) Thread 5 (Generate a random number between 401 to 500)

When you type "ls -l" to view the details of the contents of your current working directory, one of the items has the following permissions: drwxr-xr-x What does the d at the beginning mean? It is dynamically linked It is a duplicate file It has been deleted and is in the trashcan It is a directory

Compute using UNIX system Create three new users. Create a new group named developers. Add the three new users to the developers group, in a single command. Create a file named secretstuff.txt in the home directory of one of your new users. Set the permissions on this file so that only the user has read access to the file (group and world have no

Consider a file called in importantfilescsdata on a UNIX system The directory importantfiles has permissions 777. It is owned by user dan and has group csfaculty Within this directory, file csdata has permissions 644. It is owned by user dan and has group csfaculty User eve is not in group csfaculty. Suppose eve attempts to delete the file

Write a shell script that when READing a integer number, determines (and reports) if it is even or odd. You should prompt the user to enter a number, then issue a statement similar to Your number is even. or Your number is odd. Hint, look at man for expr. This should be tested and run accurately and completely for full credit.

Below is a C program that is using UNIX system calls. #include #include #include #include #include #define BUFLEN 10 int main(void) { int i; char buffer[BUFLEN+1]; pid_t fork_return; fork_return = fork( ); if (fork_return == 0) { strncpy(buffer, "CHILD", BUFLEN); /*in the child process*/ buffer[BUFLEN] = '0'; } else if(fork_return > 0) {

Consider the below program that shows a parent process using fork() to create a child process. Assume it runs on a Unix system that uses the Copy-on-Write technique and some form of simple paging (The details of how paging is implemented are not important). Describe how exactly the Copy-on-Write technique would be implemented. Give an estimate for

include include int global H void main() int i, pid int local pid fork() if(pid 0) global 14 local 24 else global 5 local 64

Write a shell script that will act as a supermarket shopping data entry screen. The screen will look like below : Item Name : Item Cost : Number of Items Purchased : a. Use the read shell command to get the user input for each field. Store each field in a separate variable. b. Write all the data fields to a file using the echo command, a sample of

A text editor such as pico can be used to write a program in C language in Unix environment. The program will have to be compiled in accordance to C compilation model before it can be executed. (a) (b) Write a program using C language where it consists of two source files namely main.c and funct.c. In the source file main.c, the main function will

Using C programming language, write a program that creates 10 pthreads and waits for them to be over. Make each pthread increment a global int (with initial value 0) 10 times in a loop. Make sure that each pthread starts incrementing the global int only after all pthreads have been created. After each increment operation, each pthread must print a

Inventories Most inventories owned by Deere Company and its United States equipment subsidiaries are valued at cost, on the lastin, firstout (LIFO) basis. Remaining inventories are generally valued at the lower of cost, on the firstin, firstout (FIFO) basis, or market. The value of gross inventories on the LIFO basis represented 61 percent of

An OS that assigns real time tasks priority over other tasks but is not able to guarantee completion on time is a 1. Soft Real Time 2. Hard Real Time 3. Multiprocessing 4. OnTime OS.

Creates a thread my_thread . The job of the thread my_thread is to count how many lines exist in the file data.txt and return the number of lines to the calling process. The process then prints this number to the screen.

int main() Open the file data txt and obtain the file handler fh Create a thread mythread using pthreadcreate pass fh to mythread, Wait until mythread terminates, using pthreadjoin Print out how many lines exist in data txt. Basic structure of threadfunction.c void countlines(void arg) Obtain fh from arg, Count how many lines numlines exist in

Briefly describe diverse culture for effective target audience ?

Mark Konishis spatial hearing model states that coincidence detectors are what we use to calculate______,whereas relative rates of firing are what we use to calculate______. Group of answer choices: unimodal processing; multimodal integration ITD; IID multimodal integration; unimodal processing IID, ITD

Foluso visits different states every summer. This summer, he started with 6 states already visited and visits 3 states per day. Write an equation to model this situation (use d for days and s for states ).

Given a corpus of two English sentences with their translation in Latin below. Training pair 1 English hello world Spanish hola mundo Training pair 2 English translation processing Spanish procesamiento de traduccin Build your lexical translation model (IBM Model 1) and show each training steps computation. Assume that the model only trains for

Data from the Statistical Abstract of the United States show that in 1995, there were 56.61 thousand performances in the United States by nonprofit professional theaters. From 1995 through 2007, this number increased on average by about 10% each year. (a) Let P denote the number of performances, in thousands, and let t denote the time in years

A Markov Process has two states labeled 0 and 1. The process spends random amount of time in each and every state, and when it leaves one of the states it goes to the other. The time the process spends in state 0 is a random variable with density 2e2, t20. and the time the process spends in state 1 is a random variable with density a) Find the

Given a hidden Markov Model (HMM) diagram in Figure to represent weather in Jakarta in the past three months. The diagram in Figure shows the process of predicting whether someone will be walking, shopping, or cleaning on a particular day based on whether the day is rainy or sunny. In the diagram, two hidden states are rainy and sunny; while the

Walk 0.5 Rainy 0.3 Start 0.5 0.3 Shop 0.7 0.2 0.5 Sunny 0.7 0.1 Clean

Find definitions of the following thermodynamic terms: Extensive and intensive properties One-phase and two-phase states Coefficients of performance of refrigeration and heat pump cycles Two formulations of the 2nd law of thermodynamics Entropy balance for closed and open systems

How should a business continuity plan be developed and implemented in cybersecurity?

Consider the following sequence of events: (1) Process P0 is created (2) Process P1 is created (3) Process P0, Process P1 are admitted (4) Process P0 is dispatched (5) Process P2 is created (6) Process P2 is admitted (7) Process P0 requests I/O (8) Process P1 is dispatched (9) Process P3 is created (10) Process P1 times-out (11) Process P2 is

Provided you have a simple compressible system, for what type of process between two states can the specific heats be used O Constant pressure O Any type of process O Constant volume and pressure Constant volume

All of the following statements accurately describe the Social Entrepreneurship Process model except which one? a. As with the Timmons Model, the context is permeable and permits interaction between it and the social entrepreneurship effort b. This model is a hybrid process model of social entrepreneurship that reflects both the need for

Derive an expression for the total work completed during a general polytropic compression or expansion process between two states for n 1. Start from the general expression for total work completed during an expansion or compression process between two states (Eq. 4.8b) for this problem. SHOW ALL STEPS Eq. 4.8b: 1 W 2 = Your final answer will be:

Sipav dv,Sipav dv

In many epidemics, the cumulative number of cases grows exponentially, at least over a limited time. A recent example is the spread of the influenza A (H1N1) virus, commonly called the swine flu, which affected Mexico and the United States especially. On April 24, 2009, there were 10 cumulative cases of swine flu in the United States reported to

Compare and contrast two or more models of health leader assessment and evaluation. Analyze the process of capturing metrics for each assessment and evaluation within a health organization. Which models seem most appropriate and why?

Discuss how the TWO (2) states in Binary Semaphores facilitate the process of exclusive access to a data.

Assume a two-country, two-good, two-factor of production world with the countries being the United States and the Rest of the World, the two goods being steel and wheat, and the two factors of production being capital and land. If the United States was capital-abundant and steel production was capital-intensive, the Heckscher-Ohlin model would

In decision analysis models, what do the terms decision alternatives, states of nature, and payoff represent? Give a real world example and identify these terms in your example. What are the different types of integer programming problems? Briefly describe each type and give one real world example for each type. How is the simulation process used

Meiosis is the process in which a diploid cell that contains two copies of the genetic material produces an haploid cell with only one copy (sperms and eggs). The resulting molecule of genetic material is linear molecule that is composed of consecutive segments: a segment that originated from one of the two copies followed by a segment from the

A process consist of 5 sequential steps. The process produces two different models. The probability of producing at least one defect of each step are reported below Model 1 Model 2 Step Probability Step Probability FIND the TDPU of model 2 0.33 0.12 0.32 2 0.80 0.24 3 0.41 0.33 4 0.26 0.40 5 0.11,A process consist of 5 sequential steps. The

Critically compare two policies that have been recently formulated in your organisation that demonstrate two different policymaking process models. (2 x 4 = 8) Assess which model will you find most useful and acceptable or valid. Justify your response.

The recent global climate change has necessitated the need for a new model for predicting weather patterns. Two scientists who 3 were modeling this process in Ghana ended up with two different system models. i) In relation to real world data from the process how can you select the best model to employ for subsequent simulations and prediction of

In the Toyota Way, the 14 Principles have divided into Four (4Sections Section One states that Toyota emphasizes the "Long Term Philosophy" in making strategic decisions. Section Two states that "The Right Process Will Produce the Right Results". Explain the Reasoning behind Toyota's strong belief in these two Section.

A Carnot power cycle taking place in a pistoncylinder device uses air as the working fluid, according to the Ts diagram below. Assuming the ideal gas model with Cp 1.005 kJkgK determine a. b. The pressure at states 1 and 2 in kPa. Heat and work transfer for process 12. No need to interpolate. Round the number to the closest value. If exactly

ABC Inc. produces two models of widgets Regular, Superior which needs to go through three processes Process I, Process II, and Process III. Production of one unit of the Regular model requires one hour of Process I, one hour of Process II, and two hours of Process III. To make one unit of the Superior model, one hour of process I, two hours of

Draw a linedot representation of system A in Model 1 and calculate the entropy of this system. Model 1 More energy level systems There are a number of different variations possible in the models that represent the energy states of a system. The following diagram shows three different systems each with 6 particles and a total of 2 units of energy.

The______________ States that Neanderthals disappeared because of many years and many instances of interbreeding with Homo sapiens. Multiregional evolution model Replacement model Climate change model Out of Africa model

What is the difference between the simple model and the dyadic model of the democratic peace theory? A. The simple model states that democracies are more peaceful in general, while the dyadic model states only that democracies do not fight each other. B. The simple model states that democracies are always peaceful, while the dyadic model states

Consider a computer with N processors in a multiprocessor configuratior. A. How many processes can be in each of the Ready, Running, and Blocked states at one time? B. What is the minimum number of processes that can be in each of the Ready, Running, and Blocked states at one time?

Consider a k states Markov Chain model, assume that first and last states are terminal satets, and we start from any position between 1 and k . If transitions happen along these states in unit increments. Suppose, at each time period, a one unit transition to the left with probability 0.2, one unit to the right with probability 0.2, and stays in

Ethical leadership role modeling can have a positive impact on employees ethical decision-making. The article states that research has shown a positive correlation between ethical leadership and employees attitudes, behaviors, job satisfaction, and job performance. Explain social learning theory and how it applies to ethical leadership in the

The following diagram shows process states during a job running. answer the following questions new ready waiting running terminated a) Which of the process states changes (numbered 1 to 6) in the diagram involve a process scheduler b) Under what condition can cause transition 2 to happen

Token Switching is a process for updating a set of black and white tokens. The process starts with a single black token. At each step, i. one black token can be replaced with two white tokens, or ii. if the numbers of white and black tokens are not the same, the colors of all the tokens can be switched all the black tokens become white, and the

Analyze the behavior of three processes in an operating system. Each process has a different number of instructions, and some processes require Input/Output (I/O) resources. Your task is to explain how the scheduler will process these three processes and discuss the implications of their resource requirements. Instructions Create a video

Trying to Determine the number of machines required in a machine shop. Pick the best approach. Find correct answer among the following. Queuing since it provides an exact answer Simulation so that complex routing can be modeled with many distribution can be modeled for processing time Linear programming to allow for flexible routings and complex

A fourcylinder, fourstroke gasoline engine is modeled using an ideal airstandard Otto cycle consisting of the following four internally reversible processes. Process 12 Adiabatic compression Process 23 Constant volume energy addition by heat transfer Process 34 Adiabatic expansion Process 41 Constant volume energy rejection by heat transfer The

How has your understanding of the different states of matter changed? Why is it important that data and findings are accurate? Provide at least two examples. Has your understanding of the scientific process changed? Why/why not?

The unit step response of the transfer function below is desired to be obtained 1 G(s) 65 (s 1)8 Therefore, create a Simulink file with a sampling time of 0.1 seconds and obtain the step response of the given highorder process model. Using the step response of the process, obtain the following models i. A firstorder model with two parameters

Object oriented modeling differs in several ways from data and process modeling. What are two ways that these processes differ? What are two advantages and two disadvantages of object oriented modeling?

Let X be a continuous time Markov process with two states 1,2 and P be the transition matrix with entries pij (t). Prove that P(X(t) 2X(0) 1, X (3t) 1, X(4t) 1) P12(t)p21 (2t) is equal to

A fourstroke gasoline engine with a compression ratio of 10 is modeled using an ideal airstandard Otto cycle consisting of the following four internally reversible processes. Process 12 Adiabatic compression from absolute pressure of 1 bar and temperature of 300 K (State 1) Process 23 Constant volume energy addition by heat transfer to a

Discuss an object oriented design process stages in detail. Take a case and explain the two in the list of the following. -Context and interaction Model -System architecture - Principal system objects - Design models -Object interfaces

Two of the most commonly used Software Process Models are Waterfall Model and Agile Model. Compare the pros and cons of each process model when the team is faced with a quarantined situation like you are currently facing and must work remotely from home.

Ethical decision-making is a systematic process that is used by professionals to resolve ethical dilemmas. The IDEA model and the seven step model are two ethical decision-making models.Compare and contrast the two named models

Which of the following statement is CORRECT about the theoretical causes of child maltreatment? A. The integration model emphasizes the importance of family processes rather than the community or society B. The sociological model emphasizes child characteristics as the cause of maltreatment C. The psychiatric model emphasizes psychological

Consider the violation resulting from returning goods. Which two material groups are mainly affected by this violation? a. Potatoes, margarines b. Skin care, industrial oil c. Beer, leaf tea

What definition of software reliability is best suited for each of the following kinds of software systems? Justify your answers. (a) Operating system of computer for personal use (b) Operating system of computer used to control electric power plant (c) Spell checking system (d) Embedded software controlling washing machine (e) Video game software

Find two vulnerabilities for two different operating system platforms (client operating system, embedded system, server operating system) from two different manufacturers. Create 2 Adobe flyers warning people about each vulnerability (CVE Identifier, Summary of vulnerability, Base Score Metric: both Exploitability Metrics and Impact Metrics, and

What are the desirable features that an operating system should have to provide for predictability in time - critical applications and What determines the priority of a task in an embedded application with fixed priorities?

Embedded systems can be written using two different paradigms: (i) the infinite loop (also known as the looping executive) paradigm; (ii) the real-time operating system paradigm. What are the relative merits of these two approaches for embedded system software design? What, in you opinion, is the best approach? Justify .