Consider a web browsing session on a network where a user requests a page with 10 embedded, 5 Kbyte images (assume that the base page is also 5 Kbytes long). Assume a TCP implementation with an MSS of 536 bytes (a common MSS in many TCP implementations). For each of the questions below, consider networks with bandwidths of 28 Kbps, 100 Kbps, 1 Mbps, and 10 Mbps.

a) Assuming a round-trip-time of 100ms, construct a chart that compares the response time for retrieving the web page and its embedded object under a persistent and a non-persistent TTP connection.

b) Construct a second response time chart assuming an RTT of 1 second.

c) Consider now a browser using parallel non-persistent HTTP connections (recall that this is the most common use of HTTP). Let x denote the maximum number of parallel connections the browser is permitted to open to a given server. A browser will first open an HTTP connection to retrieve the base page and then upon receiving and parsing this file, the browser will initiates x parallel connections to retrieve the embedded objects. Show that the response time for the download of the web page and its contents is of the form

(M+1)O/R+ 2(M/x+ 1)RTT+SSL

where M is the number of embedded objects, O is the size of an embedded objects (assumed to be a constant for all embedded objects), R is the capacity of the link connecting the browser to the server, and SSL is the latency of TCP slow-start due to server stalling.