Consider sending a single message of 10,000 bytes from a sending host to a receiving host with three intermediate routers. Assume that the message will wait for two other same size messages to finish transmission at each intermediate router. Also assume that the total distance between the sender and the receiver is 1000 km (0.3 km/sec) and the transmission capacity is 10 Mbps along the path. Calculate the time from the first bit being sent out from the sender and the last bit received by the receiver. Specify clearly any assumption made in your calculations.

Now suppose that the receiver is managing a buffer where received data is temporarily placed until being processed. When there is only a certain number of bytes left free in the buffer, the receiver will need to send a message back to the data source to request a stop of transmission and avoid a buffer overflow. Calculate this number of bytes and indicate how this magnitude is called.