Consider the following code.

program MAN;

var i : integer;

var a : array$[1.\mathrm{.}5]$ of integer;

procedure SUB$(x$ : integer$)$;

$\{x++$;$a[i]$:$=a[i-1]+3$;$i$:$=i++$;$x++$;$a[i]$:$=a[i+1]+x$;$x++$;$\}($ endSUBPROG$)$

$\{a[1]$:$=2$;$a[2]$:$=1$;$a[3]$:$=2$;$a[4]$:$=3$;$a[5]$:$=3$;$i$:$=2$;

call SUB$(ali)$;

print$(a[1.\mathrm{.}5])$;$\}(endMAIN)$

NOTE: Assume that all uninitialized variables have the value zero.

$($a$)$ What is the program output assuming that the parameter is passed by value?

$($b$)$ What is the program output assuming that the parameter is passed by result?

Assume that the address of the pass by result parameter is bound at the time of call.

$($c$)$ What is the program output assuming that the parameter is passed by result?

Assume that the address of the pass by result parameter is bound at the time of return.

$($d$)$ What is the program output assuming that the parameter is passed by value$-$result?

Assume that the address of the pass by result parameter is bound at the time of call.

$($e$)$ What is the program output assuming that the parameter is passed by reference?

$($f$)$ What is the program output assuming that the parameter is passed by name?