Corruption exists in almost all countries in different levels and proportions. Corruption varies from small favours (petty corruption), to corruption that affects the government on a large scale (grand corruption), and corruption that is so prevalent that it is part of the everyday structure of society (systemic corruption).

a). 'Bribes are seen by some as possibly an efficient cost-saving mechanism to deal with and overcome cumbersome bureaucratic constraints'. Debate the above statement and recommend how bribery can be reduced.