Question: / * * * Counts the number of active ( 1 ) bits in a 1 6 - bit input and outputs the result as

/**
* Counts the number of active (1) bits in a 16-bit input and outputs the result as a 5-bit binary number.
*/
CHIP ActiveCounter16{
IN in[16];
OUT out[5];
PARTS:
// Step 1: Count the active bits in the input
// Use 16 instances of And gates with 'true' to check if each bit is active
And(a=in[0], b=true, out=bit0);
And(a=in[1], b=true, out=bit1);
And(a=in[2], b=true, out=bit2);
And(a=in[3], b=true, out=bit3);
And(a=in[4], b=true, out=bit4);
And(a=in[5], b=true, out=bit5);
And(a=in[6], b=true, out=bit6);
And(a=in[7], b=true, out=bit7);
And(a=in[8], b=true, out=bit8);
And(a=in[9], b=true, out=bit9);
And(a=in[10], b=true, out=bit10);
And(a=in[11], b=true, out=bit11);
And(a=in[12], b=true, out=bit12);
And(a=in[13], b=true, out=bit13);
And(a=in[14], b=true, out=bit14);
And(a=in[15], b=true, out=bit15);
// Step 2: Add up the active bits using Adders
// First level of adders: add adjacent pairs of bits
HalfAdder(a=bit0, b=bit1, sum=sum1, carry=carry1);
HalfAdder(a=bit2, b=bit3, sum=sum2, carry=carry2);
HalfAdder(a=bit4, b=bit5, sum=sum3, carry=carry3);
HalfAdder(a=bit6, b=bit7, sum=sum4, carry=carry4);
HalfAdder(a=bit8, b=bit9, sum=sum5, carry=carry5);
HalfAdder(a=bit10, b=bit11, sum=sum6, carry=carry6);
HalfAdder(a=bit12, b=bit13, sum=sum7, carry=carry7);
HalfAdder(a=bit14, b=bit15, sum=sum8, carry=carry8);
// Second level of adders: add results from the first level
FullAdder(a=sum1, b=sum2, c=carry1, sum=sum9, carry=carry9);
FullAdder(a=sum3, b=sum4, c=carry2, sum=sum10, carry=carry10);
FullAdder(a=sum5, b=sum6, c=carry3, sum=sum11, carry=carry11);
FullAdder(a=sum7, b=sum8, c=carry4, sum=sum12, carry=carry12);
// Third level of adders: add results from the second level
FullAdder(a=sum9, b=sum10, c=carry9, sum=sum13, carry=carry13);
FullAdder(a=sum11, b=sum12, c=carry10, sum=sum14, carry=carry14);
// Final adder: add results from the third level
FullAdder(a=sum13, b=sum14, c=carry13, sum=sum15, carry=carry15);
// Final result, combining all carries
Or8Way(in[0..7]={carry4, carry8, carry12, carry13, carry14, carry15, false, false}, out=finalCarry);
Add16(a=sum15, b={finalCarry,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, out=finalSum);
// Assigning the result to the output
out[0]= finalSum[0];
out[1]= finalSum[1];
out[2]= finalSum[2];
out[3]= finalSum[3];
out[4]= finalSum[4];
}

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