distillation separate components in a mixture based on their boiling points? Explain the principles behind fractional distillation and its application in refining crude oil. Discuss the factors influencing separation efficiency, including temperature, pressure, and reflux ratio. Compare fractional distillation with other separation techniques like simple distillation and extractive distillation. Provide examples of industries where fractional distillation is extensively employed and describe its significance in producing purified products like gasoline, diesel, and various chemicals."