Early supplier involvement (ESI) and early purchasing involvement (EPI): O pulls the buyer into relationship management stage and pulls the supplier into need recognition and description. pulls the buyer into the need recognition and description stages and pulls the supplier into the measurement stage. O pulls the buyer into the measurement stage and pulls the supplier into the need recognition and description stages. O pulls both the buyer and supplier into the process of measuring results and developing action plans for performance improvement. pulls both the buyer and supplier into the need recognition and description stages of the acquisition process. A goal of supply chain management is to: O drive down prices through competitive online bidding. O push inventory as far down the supply chain as possible. reduce uncertainty and risks between and among members of the supply chain. O increase competition by increasing the number of suppliers in the supply chain. O gain competitive advantage by acquiring confidential information from chain members. Reverse marketing is: encouraged by the rapid rate of technological change, growth in international trade, and the need to extract competitive advantage from supply chains. when the buying organization has decided to stop making something in house and identifies a supplier from its existing supply base. O , is an aggressive, marketing-initiated, approach to finding and developing world class suppliers. requires that the marketer fully understand the needs of the buying organization now and in the future. O is most appropriate when the product is fairly standard and available from multiple local suppliers