ECON 560 - Data Informed Decision Making Problem Set 1 10 Points All answers to problem set questions

Problem 1 (4 points) A recent study conducted by the Virgina Department of Health has concluded that "Skipping breakfast leads to weight loss." The study looked at eating patterns for 40 adult volunteers located in Virginia and collected data from November through January. Participants submitted results of self-reported weekly weigh-ins using a secure online portal. The data was then compiled by researchers at the Virginia Department of Health. Based on what you have learned so far about collecting data and potential pitfalls, what potential criticisms would you have regarding the validity of the study's findings and its conclusion? When pointing these out, you should also address what could be done better to help fix these problems in a future study. Your answer should be roughly 8-10 sentences in length.

Problem 2 (6 points) This problem uses the Artists.xlsx data posted on Canvas and requires Excel's Data Analysis Toolpak. After taking a minute to familiarize yourself with the data, answer the following questions: A. (1 point) Would this data set be considered a cross-section, time-series, longitudinal, or pooled? Explain how you can tell. B. (2 points) What type of data are the variables birth year, genre, nationality, and paintings? C. (3 points) Use the Data Analysis Toolpak to find descriptive statistics for the variable paintings and copy your output below. What are the mean, median, and mode of the variable paintings? D. (1 point) How would you describe the skewness of the distribution of the variable paintings? (Use the skewness number in your descriptive statistics to focus just on the direction of the skew.)

Artists table

Name Birth Year Genre Nationality Paintings Amedeo Modigliani 1884 Expressionism Italian 193 Vasiliy Kandinskiy 1866 Expressionism Russian 88 Diego Rivera 1886 Social Realism Mexican 70 Claude Monet 1840 Impressionism French 73 Rene Magritte 1898 Surrealism Belgian 194 Salvador Dali 1904 Surrealism Spanish 139 Edouard Manet 1832 Realism French 90 Andrei Rublev 1360 Byzantine Art Russian 99 Vincent van Gogh 1853 Impressionism Dutch 877 Gustav Klimt 1862 Symbolism Austrian 117 Hieronymus Bosch 1450 Renaissance Dutch 137 Kazimir Malevich 1879 Suprematism Russian 126 Mikhail Vrubel 1856 Symbolism Russian 171 Pablo Picasso 1881 Cubism Spanish 439 Peter Paul Rubens 1577 Baroque Flemish 141 Pierre-Auguste Renoir 1841 Impressionism French 336 Francisco Goya 1746 Romanticism Spanish 291 Frida Kahlo 1907 Primitivism Mexican 120 El Greco 1541 Mannerism Spanish 87 Albrecht Durer 1471 Renaissance German 328 Alfred Sisley 1839 Impressionism French 259 Pieter Bruegel 1525 Renaissance Flemish 134 Marc Chagall 1887 Primitivism French 239 Giotto di Bondone 1266 Renaissance Italian 119 Sandro Botticelli 1445 Renaissance Italian 164 Caravaggio 1571 Baroque Italian 55 Leonardo da Vinci 1452 Renaissance Italian 143 Diego Velazquez 1599 Baroque Spanish 128 Henri Matisse 1869 Impressionism French 186 Jan van Eyck 1395 Renaissance Flemish 81 Edgar Degas 1834 Impressionism French 702 Rembrandt 1606 Baroque Dutch 262 Titian 1488 Renaissance Italian 255 Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 1864 Impressionism French 81 Gustave Courbet 1819 Realism French 59 Camille Pissarro 1830 Impressionism French 91 William Turner 1775 Romanticism British 66 Edvard Munch 1863 Symbolism Norwegian 67 Paul Cezanne 1839 Impressionism French 47 Eugene Delacroix 1798 Romanticism French 31 Henri Rousseau 1844 Primitivism French 70 Georges Seurat 1859 Impressionism French 43 Paul Klee 1879 Expressionism German 188 Piet Mondrian 1872 Neoplasticism Dutch 84 Joan Miro 1893 Surrealism Spanish 102 Andy Warhol 1928 Pop Art American 181 Paul Gauguin 1848 Symbolism French 311 Raphael 1483 Renaissance Italian 109 Michelangelo 1475 Renaissance Italian 49 Jackson Pollock 1912 Expressionism American 24

Wage data

Wage (hourly) Education (yrs) Experience (yrs) Female Married 3.1 11 2 1 0 3.24 12 22 1 1 3 11 2 0 0 6 8 44 0 1 5.3 12 7 0 1 8.75 16 9 0 1 11.25 18 15 0 0 5 12 5 1 0 3.6 12 26 1 0 18.18 17 22 0 1 6.25 16 8 1 0 8.13 13 3 1 0 8.77 12 15 0 1 5.5 12 18 0 0 22.2 12 31 0 1 17.33 16 14 0 1 7.5 12 10 1 1 10.63 13 16 1 0 3.6 12 13 1 1 4.5 12 36 1 1 6.88 12 11 1 0 8.48 12 29 0 1 6.33 16 9 1 0 0.53 12 3 1 0 6 11 37 1 0 9.56 16 3 0 1 7.78 16 11 0 1 12.5 16 31 0 1 12.5 15 30 0 1 3.25 8 9 1 1 13 14 23 0 1 4.5 14 2 1 0 9.68 13 16 1 0 5 12 7 1 0 4.68 12 3 1 0 4.27 16 22 1 1 6.15 12 15 1 1 3.51 4 39 0 1 3 14 3 1 1 6.25 12 11 1 0 7.81 12 3 1 1 10 12 20 1 1 4.5 14 16 1 1 4 11 45 1 1 6.38 13 11 1 0 13.7 15 20 0 1 1.67 10 1 0 0 2.93 12 36 1 1 3.65 14 9 0 0 2.9 12 15 1 1 1.63 12 18 1 0 8.6 16 3 1 0 5 12 15 0 1 6 12 7 0 1 2.5 12 2 0 0 3.25 15 3 0 0 3.4 16 1 1 0 10 8 13 0 0 21.63 18 8 1 0 4.38 16 7 0 0 11.71 13 40 1 0 12.39 14 42 0 0 6.25 10 36 0 0 3.71 10 13 1 0 7.78 14 9 0 0 19.98 14 26 0 1 6.25 16 7 1 1 10 12 25 0 1 5.71 16 10 0 1 2 12 3 1 0 5.71 16 3 1 0 13.08 17 17 0 1 4.91 12 17 0 1 2.91 12 20 1 1 3.75 12 7 1 1 11.9 13 24 0 1 4 12 28 1 1 3.1 12 2 1 0 8.45 12 19 0 1 7.14 18 13 0 1 4.5 9 22 0 1 4.65 16 3 0 0 2.9 10 4 1 0 6.67 12 7 0 0 3.5 12 6 1 0 3.26 12 13 1 1 3.25 12 14 1 1 8 12 14 1 0 9.85 8 40 0 1 7.5 12 11 0 1 5.91 12 14 0 1 11.76 14 40 0 1 3 12 1 1 0 4.81 12 2 1 0 6.5 12 4 1 0 4 9 19 1 1 3.5 13 1 0 0 13.16 12 34 0 1 4.25 14 5 0 1 3.5 12 3 0 0 5.13 15 6 1 0 3.75 12 14 1 1 4.5 12 35 1 1 7.63 12 8 1 0 15 14 7 0 1 6.85 15 11 1 1 13.33 12 14 0 1 6.67 12 35 0 0 2.53 12 46 1 0 9.8 17 7 0 1 3.37 11 45 0 1 24.98 18 29 0 1 5.4 12 6 0 1 6.11 14 15 0 1 4.2 14 33 1 1 3.75 10 15 0 0 3.5 14 5 1 1 3.64 12 7 0 0 3.8 15 6 0 1 3 8 33 1 1 5 16 2 1 1 4.63 14 4 1 1 3 15 1 0 0 3.2 12 29 1 0 3.91 18 17 0 1 6.43 16 17 1 1 5.48 10 36 1 1 1.5 8 31 0 0 2.9 10 23 1 0 5 11 13 0 1 8.92 18 3 0 1 5 15 15 0 0 3.52 12 48 0 1 2.9 11 6 1 0 4.5 12 12 0 1 2.25 12 5 1 0 5 14 19 0 1 10 16 9 0 1 3.75 2 39 0 1 10 14 28 1 1 10.95 16 23 0 1 7.9 12 2 0 0 4.72 12 15 1 0 5.84 13 5 1 1 3.83 12 18 1 0 3.2 15 2 1 0 2 10 3 1 0 4.5 12 31 1 1 11.55 16 20 1 1 2.14 13 34 1 1 2.38 9 5 0 0 3.75 12 11 0 0 5.52 13 31 0 0 6.5 12 8 1 1 3.1 12 2 1 0 10 14 18 0 1 6.63 16 3 0 1 10 16 3 0 1 2.31 9 4 1 0 6.88 18 4 0 0 2.83 10 1 0 0 3.13 10 1 1 0 8 13 28 0 1 4.5 12 47 1 1 8.65 18 13 1 0 2 13 2 1 0 4.75 12 48 1 1 6.25 13 6 1 1 6 13 8 0 1 15.38 13 25 0 1 14.58 18 13 1 0 12.5 12 8 0 0 5.25 12 19 1 1 2.17 13 1 1 0 7.14 12 43 1 0 6.22 12 19 1 1 9 12 11 1 1 10 14 43 0 1 5.77 10 44 0 1 4 12 22 1 1 8.75 16 3 0 1 6.53 16 3 1 0 7.6 12 41 1 0 5 14 5 0 0 5 12 14 1 0 21.86 12 24 0 1 8.64 12 28 0 1 3.3 12 25 0 1 4.44 12 3 0 0 4.55 12 11 0 1 3.5 12 7 1 1 6.25 16 9 0 1 3.85 16 5 0 1 6.18 14 9 1 1 2.91 11 1 1 0 6.25 16 2 1 0 6.25 12 13 1 1 9.05 12 10 0 1 10 17 5 0 1 11.11 12 30 0 1 6.88 12 31 0 1 8.75 16 1 0 0 10 8 9 0 1 3.05 12 10 1 1 3 12 38 1 1 5.8 12 19 1 1 4.1 16 5 1 1 8 12 26 0 1 6.15 12 35 1 0 2.7 9 2 1 0 2.75 13 1 1 0 3 16 19 1 1 3 14 3 1 0 7.36 8 36 0 1 7.5 14 29 0 1 3.5 13 1 0 0 8.1 12 38 1 1 3.75 18 1 0 0 3.25 9 29 0 1 5.83 8 36 1 1 3.5 8 4 0 0 3.33 12 45 1 1 4 14 22 1 0 3.5 12 20 1 1 6.25 16 5 0 1 2.95 8 15 1 1 5.71 13 10 1 1 3 9 3 1 0 22.86 16 16 0 1 9 12 38 0 1 8.33 15 33 0 1 3 11 2 0 0 5.75 14 6 0 1 6.76 12 19 0 1 10 12 29 0 1 3 12 2 0 0 3.5 18 3 1 0 3.25 12 4 0 0 4 12 10 1 0 2.92 12 4 1 0 3.06 12 14 1 0 3.2 12 15 1 1 4.75 12 19 0 1 3 14 17 1 1 18.16 16 29 0 1 3.5 12 2 1 0 4.11 14 5 0 0 1.96 11 38 1 0 4.29 12 3 1 0 3 10 47 0 0 6.45 12 7 0 1 5.2 6 47 0 1 4.5 13 23 1 0 3.88 12 12 0 1 3.45 10 11 1 0 10.91 12 25 0 0 4.1 14 6 1 1 3 13 3 0 0 5.9 12 14 0 1 18 18 13 1 0 4 12 9 0 0 3 12 1 0 0 3.55 12 6 1 1 3 12 11 1 1 8.75 12 47 0 1 2.9 8 49 1 0 6.26 13 37 1 1 3.5 13 2 1 0 4.6 14 7 1 1 6 12 22 0 0 2.89 10 8 1 0 5.58 16 1 0 1 4 12 43 1 1 6 16 2 0 0 4.5 12 2 1 0 2.92 14 1 0 0 4.33 18 1 0 0 18.89 17 26 0 1 4.28 13 1 1 0 4.57 14 37 1 1 6.25 15 12 1 1 2.95 14 41 0 1 8.75 12 24 0 0 8.5 8 38 0 0 3.75 12 18 1 1 3.15 12 26 0 1 5 8 45 0 0 6.46 12 27 0 1 2 9 2 0 0 4.79 12 41 0 1 5.78 16 11 0 1 3.18 12 5 1 1 4.68 16 3 1 0 4.1 12 3 1 0 2.91 12 4 0 1 6 13 21 0 1 3.6 10 34 1 1 3.95 6 49 0 1 7 12 6 0 1 3 12 26 1 1 6.08 16 9 0 0 8.63 12 23 0 1 3 8 33 0 1 3.75 12 5 1 1 2.9 6 49 0 1 3 4 48 0 1 6.25 11 35 0 1 3.5 11 23 1 0 3 7 26 1 0 3.24 12 16 1 1 8.02 18 23 1 1 3.33 12 36 1 1 5.25 16 4 0 0 6.25 12 10 0 1 3.5 14 18 0 1 2.95 12 3 0 0 3 10 7 1 1 4.69 10 7 0 0 3.73 9 33 1 0 4 10 34 0 1 4 12 8 1 1 2.9 12 17 1 1 3.05 12 2 1 0 5.05 10 5 1 0 13.95 16 41 0 1 18.16 16 35 0 1 6.25 16 11 0 0 5.25 12 4 0 0 4.79 12 12 1 1 3.35 7 35 1 0 3 8 33 0 1 8.43 16 8 0 1 5.7 16 2 0 0 11.98 18 8 0 1 3.5 13 29 1 1 4.24 10 14 0 1 7 16 26 1 1 6 14 11 1 1 12.22 16 10 0 0 4.5 12 13 0 1 3 9 23 1 1 2.9 11 1 0 0 15 11 35 0 1 4 12 5 0 1 5.25 11 13 0 1 4 12 22 0 1 3.3 12 21 1 1 5.05 12 19 1 1 3.58 12 13 0 0 5 14 15 0 1 4.57 14 3 0 1 12.5 18 6 0 0 3.45 12 6 1 1 4.63 12 16 1 0 10 12 31 0 1 2.92 11 1 1 0 4.51 12 5 0 0 6.5 17 3 0 1 7.5 16 11 0 1 3.54 13 6 1 1 4.2 13 11 1 1 3.51 12 7 1 1 4.5 14 5 0 1 3.35 14 5 1 1 2.91 11 2 0 0 5.25 10 44 0 1 4.05 8 44 0 1 3.75 14 13 1 1 3.4 12 26 1 1 3 10 2 1 0 6.29 17 10 0 1 2.54 9 2 1 0 4.5 12 35 1 1 3.13 12 6 1 1 6.36 14 8 0 1 4.68 16 1 0 0 6.8 12 14 0 1 8.53 10 14 0 1 4.17 0 22 1 0 3.75 14 8 1 1 11.1 15 1 1 0 3.26 16 15 1 1 9.13 12 14 0 1 4.5 11 37 0 1 3 11 1 1 0 8.75 12 4 0 1 4.14 13 29 1 1 2.87 12 45 1 1 3.35 13 22 1 0 6.08 16 42 0 0 3 15 9 0 0 4.2 16 8 1 1 5.6 15 31 1 0 10 12 24 0 1 12.5 18 16 0 1 3.76 6 6 0 0 3.1 6 14 1 0 4.29 12 47 1 1 10.92 12 34 0 1 7.5 16 6 1 1 4.05 9 7 1 1 4.65 12 27 0 1 5 11 24 0 1 2.9 10 18 1 1 8 12 12 1 0 8.43 8 27 0 1 2.92 9 49 1 0 6.25 17 4 1 0 6.25 16 24 1 1 5.11 11 3 0 0 4 10 2 1 0 4.44 8 29 0 1 6.88 13 34 0 1 5.43 14 10 0 1 3 13 5 1 0 2.9 11 2 1 0 6.25 7 39 0 1 4.34 16 5 1 0 3.25 12 14 1 1 7.26 13 8 0 0 6.35 14 10 1 1 5.63 16 2 0 1 8.75 14 9 0 1 3.2 11 1 0 0 3 8 45 1 1 3 14 33 1 1 12.5 17 21 0 1 2.88 10 2 1 0 3.35 12 9 0 1 6.5 12 33 0 1 10.38 18 16 0 1 4.5 14 10 0 1 10 18 9 0 0 3.81 12 8 1 1 8.8 16 9 0 1 9.42 14 23 1 1 6.33 12 23 0 1 4 9 22 0 0 2.9 12 37 1 1 20 12 22 0 1 11.25 17 28 0 1 3.5 12 14 1 0 6 15 19 1 1 14.38 17 10 0 1 6.36 16 25 0 1 3.55 12 21 1 1 3 15 32 0 1 4.5 16 21 0 1 6.63 12 36 1 0 9.3 15 2 0 1 3 12 11 1 1 3.25 12 40 1 0 1.5 12 11 1 1 5.9 12 9 1 1 8 16 23 0 0 2.9 11 1 1 0 3.29 14 30 0 0 6.5 14 41 0 1 4 13 6 1 0 6 14 11 0 1 4.08 12 43 1 1 3.75 12 39 1 1 3.05 8 50 1 0 3.5 12 26 1 1 2.92 3 51 0 0 4.5 11 3 0 0 3.35 15 3 1 1 5.95 11 15 0 1 8 12 17 0 1 3 4 36 0 1 5 9 31 0 1 5.5 12 9 0 1 2.65 12 42 1 1 3 11 3 1 0 4.5 12 37 1 1 17.5 16 23 0 1 8.18 13 21 0 0 9.09 15 11 0 1 11.82 16 35 0 1 3.25 12 42 1 1 4.5 12 3 0 0 4.5 12 13 0 1 3.71 9 14 0 1 6.5 10 14 0 1 2.9 12 39 1 1 5.6 11 11 0 1 2.23 8 28 0 1 5 6 18 1 1 8.33 16 6 0 1 2.9 12 26 1 0 6.25 12 21 0 1 4.55 16 34 0 1 3.28 12 17 1 0 2.3 10 2 1 0 3.3 13 5 1 0 3.15 13 1 1 0 12.5 14 40 0 1 5.15 16 39 1 0 3.13 10 1 0 0 7.25 12 14 0 1 2.9 12 2 1 0 1.75 11 2 0 0 2.89 0 42 1 1 2.9 5 34 1 1 17.71 16 10 0 1 6.25 16 4 0 1 2.6 9 4 0 0 6.63 15 21 1 1 3.5 12 31 1 0 6.5 12 20 0 1 3 12 36 1 0 4.38 13 7 0 1 10 12 15 0 0 4.95 7 25 0 1 9 17 7 1 1 1.43 12 17 1 1 3.08 12 3 0 0 9.33 14 12 0 1 7.5 12 18 0 1 4.75 13 47 0 1 5.65 12 2 0 0 15 16 14 1 1 2.27 10 2 1 0 4.67 15 13 0 1 11.56 16 5 0 1 3.5 14 5 1 0