Escobar, who is interviewing applicants for a drill press operator position in his manufacturing plant, reminds candidates that their jobs are part of an "agency shop." What does this mean?

		Union membership and dues are both required.
		They must join the union prior to being hired.
		Union membership is not required but dues must be paid.
		They must join the union within 30 days of being hired. Torey complains that union dues are being taken out of her paychecks, as she would prefer to instead charge those dues to her credit card. The HR manager tells her that, in accordance with their organization's __________, union dues must be automatically deducted from her paychecks each month. checkoff provision right-to-work law free rider clause maintenance of membership rule