Examine how EIAs can influence the design, construction, and operational phases of civil engineering projects by theoretically integrating mitigation measures and promoting sustainable practices. Analyze the role of regulatory frameworks and policies in shaping the implementation of EIAs and their effectiveness in enhancing project outcomes. Additionally, consider the potential challenges and limitations of conducting EIAs, such as data availability, stakeholder involvement, and balancing development goals with environmental protection. How do the principles of environmental ethics and sustainability inform the theoretical approach to EIAs in civil engineering, and what insights can be derived about the long$-$term benefits and trade$-$offs of integrating environmental considerations into project planning and execution?