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() with range of 1-3% annually increased transparency of monetary policy and accountability.

As one of the tools of monetary policy, () is an activity by a central bankto buy or sell government bonds to affect the money supply and the interest rate.

() is a medium of exchange whose value derives entirely from its official status - legal tender -as a means of payment.

Suppose that the linear equation for consumption in a hypothetical economy is C = 50 + 0.8*Y. Also suppose that income (Y) is $500. Then APS is ().

Assume that you find a $20 bill under your mattress and deposit it into a chequing account. If the reserve ratio is 10% and banks lend all of their excess reserves. Then the money multiplier is() and the maximum new money creation is()