Given the financial statements provided in the appendix for Ford Motors Inc and Tesla Inc: i. Calculate the cash conversion cycle for Ford and Teslas cars for the most recent period. Assume 365-day per year and use average balance whenever possible. (5 marks each) ii. Which company has a better cash conversion cycle in the recent period? Explain. (5 marks) iii. Compute and compare Ford and Teslas changes in operating working capital (OWC) for the latest two years and comment (assume that the detailed notes are not available, and you are asked to use your judgment when evaluating both balance sheets. (5 marks each)

Tesla, Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions, except per share data) December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 S 6.268 246 1,324 3,552 713 12,103 2,447 6,138 10,396 1.218 339 198 393 269 808 34.309 3.686 193 949 3,113 366 8,307 2.090 6,271 11,330 282 68 422 398 572 29,740 $ Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Accounts receivable, net Inventory Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Operating lease vehicles, net Solar energy systems, net Property, plant and equipment, net Operating lease right-of-use assets Intangible assets, net Goodwill MyPower customer notes receivable, net of current portion Restricted cash, net of current portion Other assets Total assets Liabilities Current liabilities Accounts payable Accrued liabilities and other Deferred revenue Resale value guarantees Customer deposits Current portion of debt and finance leases Total current liabilities Debt and finance leases, net of current portion Deferred revenue, net of current portion Resale value guarantees, net of current portion Other long-term liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) Redeemable noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries Equity Stockholders' equity Preferred stock; $0.001 par value; 100 shares authorized: no shares issued and outstanding Common stock; $0.001 par value; 2,000 shares authorized; 181 and 173 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively Additional paid-in capital Accumulated other comprehensive loss Accumulated deficit Total stockholders' equity Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries Total liabilities and equity 3,771 2.905 1,163 317 726 1.785 10,667 11,634 1.207 36 2,655 26.199 3,405 2,094 630 503 793 2.568 9,993 9,404 991 329 2,710 23.427 643 556 0 12,737 (36) (6,083) 6.618 849 34,309 0 10,249 (8) (5,318 4.923 834 29.740 Tesla, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Operations (in millions, except per share data) Year Ended December 31. 2018 2019 2017 $ $ $ 19,952 869 20,821 1.531 2,226 24,578 17,632 883 18,515 1.555 1,391 21.461 8,535 1,107 9,642 1,116 1,001 11,759 15,939 459 16,398 1,341 2.770 20,509 4,069 13.686 488 14,174 1,365 1.880 17.419 4,042 6,725 708 7,433 874 1,229 9,536 2,223 1,378 2.477 Revenues Automotive sales Automotive leasing Total automotive revenues Energy generation and storage Services and other Total revenues Cost of revenues Automotive sales Automotive leasing Total automotive cost of revenues Energy generation and storage Services and other Total cost of revenues Gross profit Operating expenses Research and development Selling, general and administrative Restructuring and other Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest income Interest expense Other income (expense), net Loss before income taxes Provision for income taxes Net loss Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries Net loss attributable to common stockholders Net loss per share of common stock attributable to common stockholders Basic Diluted Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share of common stock Basic Diluted 1.343 2,646 149 4,138 (69) 44 (685) 45 (665) 110 1,460 2,835 135 4.430 (388) 24 (663) 22 (1,005) 58 (1,063) 3,855 (1,632) 19 (471) (125 (2,209) 32 (2,241) (775) 87 (862 (87 (976 (279) (1.962) S (4.92) (4.92) (5.72 (5.72) S (11.83 (11.83 $ 177 177 171 171 166 166 Given the financial statements provided in the appendix for Ford Motors Inc and Tesla Inc: i. Calculate the cash conversion cycle for Ford and Tesla's cars for the most recent period. Assume 365-day per year and use average' balance whenever possible. (5 marks each) ii. Which company has a 'better cash conversion cycle in the recent period? Explain. (5 marks) iii. Compute and compare Ford and Tesla's changes in operating working capital (OWC) for the latest two years and comment (assume that the detailed 'notes' are not available, and you are asked to use your judgment when evaluating both balance sheets. (5 marks each) FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT (in millions, except per share amounts) For the years ended December 31, 2018 2017 2019 $ 145.653 S 148,294 $ Revenues Automotive Ford Credit Mobility Total revenues (Note 4) 143,599 12,260 11.113 10 156,776 12,018 26 41 160,338 155,900 131.321 Costs and expenses Cost of sales Selling, administrative, and other expenses Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses Total costs and expenses Operating income 11,527 9,047 151.895 4,881 136.269 11,403 9.463 157.135 3,203 134,693 11,161 9.472 155,326 574 963 Interest expense on Automotive debt Interest expense on Other debt 1.133 57 1.171 57 57 2,247 123 (226) 32 Other income/loss), net (Note 5) Equity in net income of affiliated companies Income (Loss) before income taxes Provision for(Benefit from) income taxes (Note 7) Net income Less: Income attributable to noncontrolling interests Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company 3.267 1 201 8.159 402 7,757 4,345 (640) (724) 650 84 26 3,695 18 3,677 37 7.731 S $ 47 EARNINGS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO FORD MOTOR COMPANY COMMON AND CLASS B STOCK (Note 8) Basic income Diluted income S 1.94 1.93 0.93 0.92 0.01 0.01 Weighted average shares used in computation of earnings per share Basic shares Diluted shares 3.975 3,998 3,974 3,998 3,972 4,004 2019 84 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (in millions) For the years ended December 31, 2017 2018 Net income 7.757 $ 3,695 $ Other comprehensive income boss), net of tax (Note 25) Foreign currency translation 314 (523) Marketable securities (34) Derivative instruments (265) 183 Pension and other postretirement benefits 37 (56) Total other comprehensive income/loss), net of tax 52 (407) Comprehensive income (loss) 7.809 3.288 Less: Comprehensive income/loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 18 Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company $ 7,785 S 3,270 $ 174 130 (689) 23 (362) (278) 37 24 (315) FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (in millions) December 31 2018 December 31, 2019 $ ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents (Note 9) Marketable securities (Note 9) Ford Credit finance receivables, net (Note 10) Trade and other receivables, less allowances of $94 and $63 Inventories (Note 12) Assets hekt for sale (Note 10 and Note 24) Other assets Total current assets 16,718 17,233 54,353 11,195 11,220 17,504 17,147 53,651 9,237 10,786 2,383 3,339 114,047 3,930 114,649 55,544 29,119 36,178 2,709 10,412 7.929 256,540 53,703 29,230 36.469 2,519 11,863 10,706 258,537 $ $ $ $ Ford Credit finance receivables, net (Note 10) Net investment in operating leases (Note 13) Net property (Note 14) Equity in net assets of affiliated companies (Note 15) Deferred income taxes (Note 7) Other assets Total assets LIABILITIES Payables Other Tablities and deferred revenue (Note 17) Automotive debt payable within one year 20) Ford Credit debt payable within one year (Note 20) Other debt payable within one year (Note 20) Liabilities held for sale (Note 24) Total current liabilities Other Tablities and deferred revenue (Note 17) Automotive long-term debt (Note 20) Ford Credit long-term debt (Note 20) Other long-term debt (Note 20) Deferred income taxes (Note 7) Total liabilities 21,520 20,556 2,314 51,179 20,673 22,987 1,445 52,371 130 526 95,569 98,132 23,588 11,233 88,887 25,324 13,233 87,658 470 490 600 597 220,474 225,307 Redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 23) 100 - 40 40 1 1 EQUITY Common Stock, par value 5.01 per share (4,011 million shares issued of 6 billion authorized) Class B Stock par value 5.01 per share (71 million shares issued of 530 million authorized) Capital in excess of par value of stock Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income (lbs) (Note 25) Treasury stock Total equity attributable to Ford Motor Company Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests Total equity Total liabilities and equity 22,006 22,668 (7,366) (1,417) 35,932 34 22,165 20,320 (7.728) (1,613) 33,185 45 35,966 256,540 33,230 258,537 $ $ Tesla, Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions, except per share data) December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 S 6.268 246 1,324 3,552 713 12,103 2,447 6,138 10,396 1.218 339 198 393 269 808 34.309 3.686 193 949 3,113 366 8,307 2.090 6,271 11,330 282 68 422 398 572 29,740 $ Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Accounts receivable, net Inventory Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Operating lease vehicles, net Solar energy systems, net Property, plant and equipment, net Operating lease right-of-use assets Intangible assets, net Goodwill MyPower customer notes receivable, net of current portion Restricted cash, net of current portion Other assets Total assets Liabilities Current liabilities Accounts payable Accrued liabilities and other Deferred revenue Resale value guarantees Customer deposits Current portion of debt and finance leases Total current liabilities Debt and finance leases, net of current portion Deferred revenue, net of current portion Resale value guarantees, net of current portion Other long-term liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) Redeemable noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries Equity Stockholders' equity Preferred stock; $0.001 par value; 100 shares authorized: no shares issued and outstanding Common stock; $0.001 par value; 2,000 shares authorized; 181 and 173 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively Additional paid-in capital Accumulated other comprehensive loss Accumulated deficit Total stockholders' equity Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries Total liabilities and equity 3,771 2.905 1,163 317 726 1.785 10,667 11,634 1.207 36 2,655 26.199 3,405 2,094 630 503 793 2.568 9,993 9,404 991 329 2,710 23.427 643 556 0 12,737 (36) (6,083) 6.618 849 34,309 0 10,249 (8) (5,318 4.923 834 29.740 Tesla, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Operations (in millions, except per share data) Year Ended December 31. 2018 2019 2017 $ $ $ 19,952 869 20,821 1.531 2,226 24,578 17,632 883 18,515 1.555 1,391 21.461 8,535 1,107 9,642 1,116 1,001 11,759 15,939 459 16,398 1,341 2.770 20,509 4,069 13.686 488 14,174 1,365 1.880 17.419 4,042 6,725 708 7,433 874 1,229 9,536 2,223 1,378 2.477 Revenues Automotive sales Automotive leasing Total automotive revenues Energy generation and storage Services and other Total revenues Cost of revenues Automotive sales Automotive leasing Total automotive cost of revenues Energy generation and storage Services and other Total cost of revenues Gross profit Operating expenses Research and development Selling, general and administrative Restructuring and other Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest income Interest expense Other income (expense), net Loss before income taxes Provision for income taxes Net loss Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries Net loss attributable to common stockholders Net loss per share of common stock attributable to common stockholders Basic Diluted Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share of common stock Basic Diluted 1.343 2,646 149 4,138 (69) 44 (685) 45 (665) 110 1,460 2,835 135 4.430 (388) 24 (663) 22 (1,005) 58 (1,063) 3,855 (1,632) 19 (471) (125 (2,209) 32 (2,241) (775) 87 (862 (87 (976 (279) (1.962) S (4.92) (4.92) (5.72 (5.72) S (11.83 (11.83 $ 177 177 171 171 166 166 Given the financial statements provided in the appendix for Ford Motors Inc and Tesla Inc: i. Calculate the cash conversion cycle for Ford and Tesla's cars for the most recent period. Assume 365-day per year and use average' balance whenever possible. (5 marks each) ii. Which company has a 'better cash conversion cycle in the recent period? Explain. (5 marks) iii. Compute and compare Ford and Tesla's changes in operating working capital (OWC) for the latest two years and comment (assume that the detailed 'notes' are not available, and you are asked to use your judgment when evaluating both balance sheets. (5 marks each) FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT (in millions, except per share amounts) For the years ended December 31, 2018 2017 2019 $ 145.653 S 148,294 $ Revenues Automotive Ford Credit Mobility Total revenues (Note 4) 143,599 12,260 11.113 10 156,776 12,018 26 41 160,338 155,900 131.321 Costs and expenses Cost of sales Selling, administrative, and other expenses Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses Total costs and expenses Operating income 11,527 9,047 151.895 4,881 136.269 11,403 9.463 157.135 3,203 134,693 11,161 9.472 155,326 574 963 Interest expense on Automotive debt Interest expense on Other debt 1.133 57 1.171 57 57 2,247 123 (226) 32 Other income/loss), net (Note 5) Equity in net income of affiliated companies Income (Loss) before income taxes Provision for(Benefit from) income taxes (Note 7) Net income Less: Income attributable to noncontrolling interests Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company 3.267 1 201 8.159 402 7,757 4,345 (640) (724) 650 84 26 3,695 18 3,677 37 7.731 S $ 47 EARNINGS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO FORD MOTOR COMPANY COMMON AND CLASS B STOCK (Note 8) Basic income Diluted income S 1.94 1.93 0.93 0.92 0.01 0.01 Weighted average shares used in computation of earnings per share Basic shares Diluted shares 3.975 3,998 3,974 3,998 3,972 4,004 2019 84 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (in millions) For the years ended December 31, 2017 2018 Net income 7.757 $ 3,695 $ Other comprehensive income boss), net of tax (Note 25) Foreign currency translation 314 (523) Marketable securities (34) Derivative instruments (265) 183 Pension and other postretirement benefits 37 (56) Total other comprehensive income/loss), net of tax 52 (407) Comprehensive income (loss) 7.809 3.288 Less: Comprehensive income/loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 18 Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company $ 7,785 S 3,270 $ 174 130 (689) 23 (362) (278) 37 24 (315) FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (in millions) December 31 2018 December 31, 2019 $ ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents (Note 9) Marketable securities (Note 9) Ford Credit finance receivables, net (Note 10) Trade and other receivables, less allowances of $94 and $63 Inventories (Note 12) Assets hekt for sale (Note 10 and Note 24) Other assets Total current assets 16,718 17,233 54,353 11,195 11,220 17,504 17,147 53,651 9,237 10,786 2,383 3,339 114,047 3,930 114,649 55,544 29,119 36,178 2,709 10,412 7.929 256,540 53,703 29,230 36.469 2,519 11,863 10,706 258,537 $ $ $ $ Ford Credit finance receivables, net (Note 10) Net investment in operating leases (Note 13) Net property (Note 14) Equity in net assets of affiliated companies (Note 15) Deferred income taxes (Note 7) Other assets Total assets LIABILITIES Payables Other Tablities and deferred revenue (Note 17) Automotive debt payable within one year 20) Ford Credit debt payable within one year (Note 20) Other debt payable within one year (Note 20) Liabilities held for sale (Note 24) Total current liabilities Other Tablities and deferred revenue (Note 17) Automotive long-term debt (Note 20) Ford Credit long-term debt (Note 20) Other long-term debt (Note 20) Deferred income taxes (Note 7) Total liabilities 21,520 20,556 2,314 51,179 20,673 22,987 1,445 52,371 130 526 95,569 98,132 23,588 11,233 88,887 25,324 13,233 87,658 470 490 600 597 220,474 225,307 Redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 23) 100 - 40 40 1 1 EQUITY Common Stock, par value 5.01 per share (4,011 million shares issued of 6 billion authorized) Class B Stock par value 5.01 per share (71 million shares issued of 530 million authorized) Capital in excess of par value of stock Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income (lbs) (Note 25) Treasury stock Total equity attributable to Ford Motor Company Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests Total equity Total liabilities and equity 22,006 22,668 (7,366) (1,417) 35,932 34 22,165 20,320 (7.728) (1,613) 33,185 45 35,966 256,540 33,230 258,537 $ $