Given the risks involved in managing an e$-$mail service $($such as inadequate spam filters failing to block malicious e$-$mail messages$),$ the University of the Bahamas $($UB$)$ now runs its UB Mail service on Microsoft Outlook e$-$mail servers; Moreover, the terms of this contractual arrangement stipulate that the Microsoft Corporation will compensate UB in the event of any security breaches originating from the Microsoft Outlook e$-$mail servers. UB's contractual arrangement with Microsoft Outlook to provide an e$-$mail service is an example of $...$

a$.$

risk avoidance.

b$.$

risk elimination.

c$.$

risk transference

d$.$

risk creation.