Goal: Use the switch case statement and perform input validation.

Assignment: You are programming a simple utility that identifies the meteorological season based on the calendar month and hemisphere entered by the user. The program asks for the hemisphere $($N for North, S for South$),$ asks for the month as a number $(1$ for January, $2$ for February, etc.$),$ and then display the corresponding meteorological season.

Note: From now on$,$ NH stands for Northern Hemisphere, and SH stands for Southern Hemisphere.

For this program, assume:

Winter $($NH$),$ Summer $($SH$)$: Dec$-$Feb

Spring $($NH$),$ Fall $($SH$)$: Mar$-$May

Summer $($NH$),$ Winter $($SH$)$: Jun$-$ Aug

Fall $($NH$),$ Sprint $($SH$)$: Sep$-$Nov

If the user enters an invalid hemisphere character, display the message "Please enter a valid hemisphere $($N $-$ S$)."$ If the user enters a number less than $1$ or greater than $12$ for the month, display the message "Please enter a valid month number $(1-12)."$

$**$ Sample Runs$**$: User input is in between square brackets.

Enter a hemisphere $($N $-$ S$)$: $[$N$]$

Enter a month number $(1-12)$: $[3]$

The season is Spring.

Enter a hemisphere $($N $-$ S$)$: $[$n$]$

Please enter a valid hemisphere $($N $-$ S$).$

Enter a hemisphere $($N $-$ S$)$: $[$S$]$

Enter a month number $(1-12)$: $[13]$

Please enter a valid month number $(1-12).$

Note: For this exercise, you will need to write a complete C$++$ program that includes a main function, any needed libraries, etc.

#include

#include $//$ For toupper$()$

using namespace std;

int main$()\{$

char hemisphere;

int month;

string season;

$//$ Input for hemisphere

cout $<<$ "Enter a hemisphere $($N $-$ S$)$: $"$;

cin $>>$ hemisphere;

hemisphere $=$ toupper$($hemisphere$)$; $//$ Convert to uppercase to handle lowercase input

$//$ Input validation for hemisphere

if $($hemisphere $!=\text{'}$N$\text{'}$ && hemisphere $!=\text{'}$S$\text{'})\{$

cout $<<$ "Please enter a valid hemisphere $($N $-$ S$)."<<$ endl;

return $1$; $//$ Exit the program with an error code

$\}$

$//$ Input for month

cout $<<$ "Enter a month number $(1-12)$: $"$;

cin $>>$ month;

$//$ Input validation for month

if $($month $<1||$ month $>12)\{$

cout $<<$ "Please enter a valid month number $(1-12)."<<$ endl;

return $1$; $//$ Exit the program with an error code

$\}$

$//$ Determine the season based on hemisphere and month

switch $($hemisphere$)\{$

case $\text{'}$N$\text{'}$: $//$ Northern Hemisphere

switch $($month$)\{$

case $12$:

case $1$:

case $2$:

season $=$ "Winter";

break;

case $3$:

case $4$:

case $5$:

season $=$ "Spring";

break;

case $6$:

case $7$:

case $8$:

season $=$ "Summer";

break;

case $9$:

case $10$:

case $11$:

season $=$ "Fall";

break;

$\}$

break;

case $\text{'}$S$\text{'}$: $//$ Southern Hemisphere

switch $($month$)\{$

case $12$:

case $1$:

case $2$:

season $=$ "Summer";

break;

case $3$:

case $4$:

case $5$:

season $=$ "Fall";

break;

case $6$:

case $7$:

case $8$:

season $=$ "Winter";

break;

case $9$:

case $10$:

case $11$:

season $=$ "Spring";

break;

$\}$

break;

$\}$

$//$ Output the result

cout $<<$ "The season is $"<<$ season $<<"."<<$ endl;

return $0$;

$\}$