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Discuss BELOW and argue for the most appropriate ethical approach in each brief summary point below.

1. congresswoman fought to keep Medicare programs that allowed for kidney transplants. The government wanted to shut down the program due to a high number of failed procedures and a decline in effectiveness. The other factor in the case was that the congresswoman's husband was a local nephrologist who was clearly benefiting from the program remaining open. The ethical concern was the possible conflict of interest and corruption.

2.A representative who was a member of the House Financial Services Committee was accused of using inside information to conduct trades. Congress took action to introduce the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge (STOCK) Act to keep government officials from using nonpublic knowledge to benefit in trades.

3.describes two incidents of murder that happened in Guatemala. One of the victims was also an American citizen. Evidence began to surface that the US was involved and the widows of the victims demanded answers. However, there were no answers until a representative, who was a member of the House Intelligence Committee, began to disclose that the CIA was involved and had purposely withheld information from the president

QUESTION 2 (25) The directors of Surface Investment Limited have appointed you as their financial consultant. They are seeking new project investments and require you to calculate the present cost of capital of the company. The capital structure is listed below:- . 2 million ordinary shares, with a par value of 50 cents each, currently trading at R4 per share. The company has a beta (8) of 1.4, a risk free (Rf) rate of 9% and a return on the market (Rm) of 17%. 1 million 13%, R2 preference shares, with a market value of R3 per share. . R3 million 11%, debentures due in 5 years and the current yield-to-maturity is 8%. . R900 000 16%. Bank loan, due in January 2021. . The company also has a general reserve of R3 500 000 and a retained income of R4 000 000. Additional Information: . The dividend growth of 12%% per annum was maintained for the past 4 years. The latest dividend paid was 80 cents per share. . The company has a tax rate of 30%. Required: 2.1 Calculate the weighted average cost of capital. Use the Capital Asset Pricing Model to calculate the cost of equity. (19) 2.2 Calculate the cost of equity, using the Gordon Growth Model. (6) 523) Net worth is defined as total assets (value of house, cars, money, etc.) minus total liabilities (mortgage balance, credit card debt, etc.) According to a recent study by TNS Financial Services, 7% of American households had a net worth in excess of $1 million (excluding their primary residence). A random sample of 1000 American households results in 82 having a net worth in excess of $1 million. Explain why the results of this survey do not necessarily imply that the proportion of households with a net worth in excess of $1 million has increased. 1. 4) The campus at Joliet Junior College has a lake. A student used a Secchi disk to measure the clarity of the lake's water by lowering the disk into the water and measuring the distance below the water surface at which the disk no longer visible. The following measurements (in inches) were taken on the lake at various points in time over the course of a year. 82 64 62 66 68 43 38 26 68 56 54 66 a) Use the data to compute a point estimate for the population mean and population standard deviation. b) Construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean Secchi disk measurement. Interpret this interval c) Construct a 95%% confidence interval for the population standard deviation Secchi disk measurement. Interpret this interval.10) If we take the United States as our example... In the wake of billions of dollars in costs associated from recent hurricanes, rampant wildfires across the west, and groundwater contamination from a myriad of corporate misadventures - yesterday's carefree attitude about the environment has morphed into a fiscal crisis of epic proportions. The phrase and concept of Environmental Debt has surfaced. What does it mean? What does it propose for business activities going forward? 11) The Use of Child Labour is something upon which we focused under the heading of human capital in the business supply chain. Activists have suggested a complete consumer boycott of products produced by corporations that profit by utilizing child labour. As deploring as it may be, the children who work in these corporations bring home to their families a substantial portion of the monies required to sustain the family for the necessities of life. As such, these families actually fear the consequence of a potential boycott. What proposal do you have to resolve this pending dilemma to ensure that the child labour issue can be addressed appropriately but without the dramatic financial consequences that a wholesale boycott may trigger