Icebreaker Company (a U.S.-based company) sells parts to a foreign customer on December 1, 2023, with payment of 23,000 dinars to be received on March 1, 2024. Icebreaker enters into a forward contract on December 1, 2023, to sell 23,000 dinars on March 1, 2024. The forward points on the forward contract are excluded in assessing hedge effectiveness and are amortized to net income using a straight-line method on a monthly basis. Relevant exchange rates for the dinar on various dates are as follows:

Date	Spot Rate	Forward Rate (to March 1, 2024)
December 1, 2023	$ 4.10	$ 4.175
December 31, 2023	4.20	4.300
March 1, 2024	4.35	N/A

Icebreaker must close its books and prepare financial statements at December 31.

Required:

a-1. Assuming that Icebreaker designates the forward contract as a cash flow hedge of a foreign currency receivable, prepare journal entries for the sale and foreign currency forward contract in U.S. dollars.

a-2. What is the impact on 2023 net income?

a-3. What is the impact on 2024 net income?

a-4. What is the impact on net income over the two accounting periods?

b-1. Assuming that Icebreaker designates the forward contract as a fair value hedge of a foreign currency receivable, prepare journal entries for the sale and foreign currency forward contract in U.S. dollars.

b-2. What is the impact on 2023 net income?

b-3. What is the impact on 2024 net income?

b-4. What is the impact on net income over the two accounting periods?