. Identify if the in-text citation is a Long, or Short Quotation, or a Paraphrase or Summary. and Explain why.

1. Brown and Ryan (2003) definition of mindfulness encompasses a wide view, stating that it is the state of being attentive to and aware of what is taking place in the present (p.822). This would indicate that the person is present and open to communication around them, as they are highly focused.

2. Metzger and Barbano (1999) also pointed out the importance of the postmelt texture of Mozzarella cheese in regard to its quality and acceptability. However, the postmelt texture of cheese has received little attention from researchers.

3. Schegloff and Sacks (1973) have already drawn the analogy between the uses of food and language in their seminal paper: The possible need for preparing [closings], has to do with the OCCASIONS ending, and it is a part of conversation that the occasion may be ended. It is by way of the use of closing the conversation for ending the occasion that the use of a section to end the conversation may be appreciated, in a way similar to our appreciation of the use of a snack to end an evening or a get-together. (p. 326) Just like conversation here is used to end a phone-call, in Lauriers data it is drinks and conversation (and other means) which are used to end the coffee-break.

4. Brillat-Savarin, one of the earliest food writers, claimed: Tell me what you eat, I will tell you what you are (1825: 3). Again, linguists and other social scientists have shown that identity is constructed through language.

5. Hierarchical models assume that species-level parameters are random effects governed by hyperparameters, which are used as community-level indicators of dynamics of interest (Zipkin et al. 2009). This approach can be applied to estimating indices of phenological change while accounting for the lack of long-term continuous records and variations in trends among species.