In the figure, "Element" represents a network forwarding element that has four

Ethernet cables plugged into four different ports. The element can be one of a

router, switch, or a hub. "Management" represents an additional Ethernet cable

plugged into a fifth port for management access to the element using TCP$/$IP; it is

only present for router and switch elements, but not for hub elements.

$($i$)$ For each type of element, how many MAC addresses does it need, and why?

$($ii$)$ For each type of element, how many IP addresses does it need, and why?