Java

Main Code:

package ch10.graphs;

import ch04.queues.*;

public class WeightedGraph implements WeightedGraphInterface { public static final int NULL_EDGE = 0; private static final int DEFCAP = 50; // default capacity private int numVertices; private int maxVertices; private T[] vertices; private int[][] edges; private boolean[] marks; // marks[i] is mark for vertices[i]

public WeightedGraph() // Instantiates a graph with capacity DEFCAP vertices. { numVertices = 0; maxVertices = DEFCAP; vertices = (T[]) new Object[DEFCAP]; marks = new boolean[DEFCAP]; edges = new int[DEFCAP][DEFCAP]; } public WeightedGraph(int maxV) // Instantiates a graph with capacity maxV. { numVertices = 0; maxVertices = maxV; vertices = (T[]) new Object[maxV]; marks = new boolean[maxV]; edges = new int[maxV][maxV]; }

public boolean isEmpty() // Returns true if this graph is empty; otherwise, returns false. { }

public boolean isFull() // Returns true if this graph is full; otherwise, returns false. { }

public void addVertex(T vertex) // Preconditions: This graph is not full. // vertex is not already in this graph. // vertex is not null. // // Adds vertex to this graph. { vertices[numVertices] = vertex; for (int index = 0; index

public boolean hasVertex(T vertex) // Returns true if this graph contains vertex; otherwise, returns false. { } private int indexIs(T vertex) // Returns the index of vertex in vertices. { int index = 0; while (!vertex.equals(vertices[index])) index++; return index; }

public void addEdge(T fromVertex, T toVertex, int weight) // Adds an edge with the specified weight from fromVertex to toVertex. { int row; int column; row = indexIs(fromVertex); column = indexIs(toVertex); edges[row][column] = weight; }

public int weightIs(T fromVertex, T toVertex) // If edge from fromVertex to toVertex exists, returns the weight of edge; // otherwise, returns a special null-edge value. { int row; int column; row = indexIs(fromVertex); column = indexIs(toVertex); return edges[row][column]; }

public QueueInterface getToVertices(T vertex) // Returns a queue of the vertices that vertex is adjacent to. { QueueInterface adjVertices = new LinkedQueue(); int fromIndex; int toIndex; fromIndex = indexIs(vertex); for (toIndex = 0; toIndex

public void clearMarks() // Unmarks all vertices. { }

public void markVertex(T vertex) // Marks vertex. { }

public boolean isMarked(T vertex) // Returns true if vertex is marked; otherwise, returns false. { } public T getUnmarked() // Returns an unmarked vertex if any exist; otherwise, returns null. { } public boolean edgeExists(T vertex1, T vertex2) // Preconditions: vertex1 and vertex2 are in the set of vertices // // Return value = (vertex1, vertex2) is in the set of edges { return (edges[indexIs(vertex1)][indexIs(vertex2)] != NULL_EDGE); }

public boolean removeEdge(T vertex1, T vertex2) // Preconditions: vertex1 and vertex2 are in the set of vertices // // Return value = true if edge was in the graph (and has been removed) // = false if edge was not in the graph { boolean existed = edgeExists(vertex1, vertex2); edges[indexIs(vertex1)][indexIs(vertex2)] = NULL_EDGE; return existed; } }

Driver:

package ch10.apps;

import ch04.queues.*; import ch02.stacks.*; import ch10.graphs.*; import ch09.priorityQueues.*; import support.Flight;

public class UseGraph { private static void shortestPaths(WeightedGraphInterface graph, String startVertex ) // Writes the shortest distance from startVertex to every // other reachable vertex in graph. { Flight flight; Flight saveFlight; // for saving on priority queue int minDistance; int newDistance;

PriQueueInterface pq = new HeapPriQ(20); // Assume at most 20 vertices String vertex; QueueInterface vertexQueue = new LinkedQueue(); graph.clearMarks(); saveFlight = new Flight(startVertex, startVertex, 0); pq.enqueue(saveFlight);

System.out.println("Last Vertex Destination Distance"); System.out.println("------------------------------------"); do { flight = pq.dequeue(); if (!graph.isMarked(flight.getToVertex())) { graph.markVertex(flight.getToVertex()); System.out.println(flight); flight.setFromVertex(flight.getToVertex()); minDistance = flight.getDistance(); vertexQueue = graph.getToVertices(flight.getFromVertex()); while (!vertexQueue.isEmpty()) { vertex = vertexQueue.dequeue(); if (!graph.isMarked(vertex)) { newDistance = minDistance + graph.weightIs(flight.getFromVertex(), vertex); saveFlight = new Flight(flight.getFromVertex(), vertex, newDistance); pq.enqueue(saveFlight); } } } } while (!pq.isEmpty()); System.out.println(); System.out.println("The unreachable vertices are:"); vertex = graph.getUnmarked(); while (vertex != null) { System.out.println(vertex); graph.markVertex(vertex); vertex = graph.getUnmarked(); } System.out.println(); }

private static boolean isPathDF(WeightedGraphInterface graph, String startVertex, String endVertex ) // Returns true if a path exists on graph, from startVertex to endVertex; // otherwise returns false. Uses depth-first search algorithm. { StackInterface stack = new LinkedStack(); QueueInterface vertexQueue = new LinkedQueue(); boolean found = false; String currVertex; // vertex being processed String adjVertex; // adjacent to currVertex graph.clearMarks(); graph.markVertex(startVertex); stack.push(startVertex); do { currVertex = stack.top(); stack.pop(); System.out.println(currVertex); if (currVertex.equals(endVertex)) found = true; else { vertexQueue = graph.getToVertices(currVertex); while (!vertexQueue.isEmpty()) { adjVertex = vertexQueue.dequeue(); if (!graph.isMarked(adjVertex)) { graph.markVertex(adjVertex); stack.push(adjVertex); } } } } while (!stack.isEmpty() && !found); return found; }

private static boolean isPathBF(WeightedGraphInterface graph, String startVertex, String endVertex )

// Returns true if a path exists on graph, from startVertex to endVertex; // otherwise returns false. Uses breadth-first search algorithm.

{ QueueInterface queue = new LinkedQueue(); QueueInterface vertexQueue = new LinkedQueue(); boolean found = false; String currVertex; // vertex being processed String adjVertex; // adjacent to currVertex

graph.clearMarks(); graph.markVertex(startVertex); queue.enqueue(startVertex); do { currVertex = queue.dequeue(); System.out.println(currVertex); if (currVertex.equals(endVertex)) found = true; else { vertexQueue = graph.getToVertices(currVertex); while (!vertexQueue.isEmpty()) { adjVertex = vertexQueue.dequeue(); if (!graph.isMarked(adjVertex)) { graph.markVertex(adjVertex); queue.enqueue(adjVertex); } } } } while (!queue.isEmpty() && !found); return found; }

public static void main(String[] args) { // Create and analyze grph in Figure 10.3 System.out.println("Creating graph in figure 10.3"); WeightedGraphInterface graph = new WeightedGraph(); String s0 = new String("Atlanta "); String s1 = new String("Austin "); String s2 = new String("Chicago "); String s3 = new String("Dallas "); String s4 = new String("Denver "); String s5 = new String("Houston "); String s6 = new String("Washington");

graph.addVertex(s0); graph.addVertex(s1); graph.addVertex(s2); graph.addVertex(s3); graph.addVertex(s4); graph.addVertex(s5); graph.addVertex(s6);

graph.addEdge(s0, s5, 800); graph.addEdge(s0, s6, 600); graph.addEdge(s1, s3, 200); graph.addEdge(s1, s5, 160); graph.addEdge(s2, s4, 1000); graph.addEdge(s3, s1, 200); graph.addEdge(s3, s2, 900); graph.addEdge(s3, s4, 780); graph.addEdge(s4, s0, 1400); graph.addEdge(s4, s2, 1000); graph.addEdge(s5, s0, 800); graph.addEdge(s6, s0, 600); graph.addEdge(s6, s3, 1300);

boolean result;

System.out.println("Determining path using depth first ..."); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s1 + " to " + s2); result = isPathDF(graph, s1, s2); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s1 + " to " + s6); result = isPathDF(graph, s1, s6); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s3 + " to " + s1); result = isPathDF(graph, s3, s1); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s0 + " to " + s4); result = isPathDF(graph, s0, s4); System.out.println(result); System.out.println();

System.out.println(s6 + " to " + s3); result = isPathDF(graph, s6, s3); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s6 + " to " + s1); result = isPathDF(graph, s6, s1); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Determining path using breadth first ..."); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s1 + " to " + s2); result = isPathBF(graph, s1, s2); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s1 + " to " + s6); result = isPathBF(graph, s1, s6); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s3 + " to " + s1); result = isPathBF(graph, s3, s1); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s0 + " to " + s4); result = isPathBF(graph, s0, s4); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s6 + " to " + s3); result = isPathBF(graph, s6, s3); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s6 + " to " + s1); result = isPathBF(graph, s6, s1); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Shortest paths starting at " + s6); shortestPaths(graph, s6); System.out.println(); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Shortest paths starting at " + s4); shortestPaths(graph, s4);

System.out.println(); System.out.println(); // Create and analyze graph in Figure 10.x System.out.println("Creating graph in figure 10.x"); graph = new WeightedGraph(); s0 = new String("Atlanta "); s1 = new String("Austin "); s2 = new String("Chicago "); s3 = new String("Dallas "); s4 = new String("Denver "); s5 = new String("Houston "); s6 = new String("Washington");

graph.addVertex(s0); graph.addVertex(s1); graph.addVertex(s2); graph.addVertex(s3); graph.addVertex(s4); graph.addVertex(s5); graph.addVertex(s6);

graph.addEdge(s0, s5, 800); graph.addEdge(s0, s6, 600); graph.addEdge(s1, s3, 200); graph.addEdge(s1, s5, 160); graph.addEdge(s2, s4, 1000); graph.addEdge(s3, s1, 200); graph.addEdge(s3, s2, 900); graph.addEdge(s3, s4, 780); graph.addEdge(s4, s0, 1400); graph.addEdge(s4, s2, 1000); graph.addEdge(s5, s0, 800); graph.addEdge(s6, s0, 600); // graph.addEdge(s6, s3, 1300);

System.out.println("Determining path using depth first ..."); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s1 + " to " + s2); result = isPathDF(graph, s1, s2); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s1 + " to " + s6); result = isPathDF(graph, s1, s6); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s6 + " to " + s5); result = isPathDF(graph, s6, s5); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s6 + " to " + s3); result = isPathDF(graph, s6, s3); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s6 + " to " + s1); result = isPathDF(graph, s6, s1); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Determining path using breadth first ..."); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s1 + " to " + s2); result = isPathBF(graph, s1, s2); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s1 + " to " + s6); result = isPathBF(graph, s1, s6); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s6 + " to " + s5); result = isPathBF(graph, s6, s5); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s6 + " to " + s3); result = isPathBF(graph, s6, s3); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(s6 + " to " + s1); result = isPathBF(graph, s6, s1); System.out.println(result); System.out.println(); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Shortest paths starting at " + s6); shortestPaths(graph, s6); System.out.println(); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Shortest paths starting at " + s4); shortestPaths(graph, s4);

System.out.println();

} }