Managers at Avalon Computing work in a fast$-$paced business environment. To make higher$-$quality decisions in this environment, Avalon's managers do not use traditional tactics, e$.$g$.,$ relying on old data, long$-$range planning, and futuristic forecasts. Instead, they focus on real$-$time information, by constantly monitoring daily operating measures such as work in process rather than checking periodically the traditional accounting$-$based indicators such as profitability. In this manner, Avalon's managers strive to overcome the barrier to effective decision making known as

illusion of control.

time pressures.

discounting the future.

social realities.

framing effects.