Managers at Avalon Computing work in a fast-paced business environment. To make higher-quality decisions in this environmentAvalon's managers do not use traditional tactics, e.g., relying on old data, long-range planning, and futuristic forecasts. Instead, they focus on real-time information, by constantly monitoring daily operating measures such as work in process rather than checking periodically the traditional accounting-based indicators such as profitability. In this manner, Avalon's managers strive to overcome the barrier to effective decision making known as

Select one: a social realities. b. discounting the future. c. framing effects. dillusion of control. e. time pressures