Managers at Avalon Computing work in a fast$-$paced business environment. To make higher$-$quality decisions in this environment, Avalon's managers do not use traditional tactics, e$.$g$.,$ relying on old data, long$-$range planning, and futuristic forecasts. Instead, they work in process rather than checking periodic$$lly the traditional accounting$-$based indicators such as profitability. In this manner, Avalon's managers strive to overcome the barrier to effective decision making known as

$$ framing effects.

social realities.

discounting the future.

illusion of control.

time pressures.