Mesenchymal stem cells $($MSC$)$ are utilized for intra$-$articular treatment of osteoarthritis. Regarding their use in horses which of the following aligns with what was discussed in class.

Question $9$ options:

MSC are pluripotent and therefore can be used in a multitude of different individuals.

All stem cell treatment heightens intra$-$articular PGE$2$ and this is an important part of the healing process that the injection of these cells into the joint space cause.

MSC derived from bone marrow reduced intra$-$articular PGE$2,$ whereas those derived from adipose resulted in heightened TNF$-$alpha. Indicating that MSCs from bone marrow would be a preferable source.$$

The impact of the site of origin on the outcome of MSC treatment is negligible and therefore is not relevant for clinical or research purposes.