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where is the standard normal value associated with the smallest significance level at which the null hypothesis can be rejected. The p-value is regularly com- puted by most statistical computer programs based on the computed single sample mean and provides more information about the test, based on the ob- served sample mean. Thus, it is a popular tool for many statistical applications. 9.2 Tests of the Mean of a Normal Distribution: Population Variance Known 335 k17 It is important to note that the p-value is an observed random variable that will be dif- rent for each random sample obtained for a statistical test. Thus, two different analysts vuld obtain their own random samples and sample means from a process population, nd, thus, each would compute a different p-value. Example 9.1 Evaluating a New Production Process (Hypothesis Test) The production manager of Northern Windows, Inc., has asked you to evaluate a pro- posed new procedure for producing its Regal line of double-hung windows. The pres- ent process has a mean production of 80 units per hour with a population standard deviation of o = = 8. The manager does not want to change to a new procedure unless there is strong evidence that the mean production level is higher with the new process