Object oriented analysis and design question

This is supposed to be a simple question for this guy.

I need at least a pp

Before the OOP was catching on, the methodology to solve a problem usually is to break down the task into subtasks. In OOP, the method is to model the task by actors, entities (class), and use cases, etc. along the problem domain. What is the underline strategy for both approaches when it comes to attack a complex situation.

The modifiers (such as private, protect, etc.) in Java can be used to restrict the usages of declared variables and methods, Which of the following three pillars of OOP: inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism do modifiers support? Name all the modifiers in Java.