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Assignment 16 (process Map) A driver enters a licensing bureau to have her licence renewed. She spends on an average 45 minutes in line, two minutes to have her eyes tested, 3 minutes to have her photograph taken, and 1 minute to enter her signature. Draw the process map using symbols shown on page 120 and also those discussed in class (start/finish, activity, delay, inspection, move, document) Calculate the cycle time in minutes What is value added time in this case? 4.5(b) e, conformance-oriented quality accepts all products that fall within the tolerance limits, producing more units further from the target. Therefore, the loss (cost) is higher in terms of customer satisfaction and benefits to society. Target-oriented quality, on the other hand, strives to keep the product at the desired specification, producing more and better) units near the target. Target-oriented quality is a philosophy of continuous improvement to bring the product exactly on target. Target-oriented quality A philosophy of continuous improvement to bring a product exactly on target. Knowledge of TQM Tools To empower employees and implement TQM as a continuing effort, everyone in the organization must be trained in the techniques of TQM. In the following section, we focus on some of the diverse and expanding tools that are used in the TQM crusade. 101 High loss Quality Loss Function (a) Unacceptable Poor Loss (to producing organization, customer, and society) Fair Good Best Target-oriented quality yields more product in the "best" category. Low loss Target-oriented quality brings products towards the target value. Conformance-oriented quality keeps products within 3 standard deviations. Frequency Distribution of Specifications for Products Produced (b) Lower Upper Target Specification Figure 4.5 (a) Quality Loss Function and (b) Distribution of Products Produced Taguchi aims for the target because products produced near the upper and lower acceptable specifications result in higher quality loss function. 2 As a result, the Japanese refer to the PDCA cycle as a Deming circle, while others call it a Shewhart circle