our auxiliary textbook for writing two short term papers this semester is Vanished Giants by Anthony Stuart. If you opted in to purchase it through the Kennel Bookstore, then it is available to you on Canvas as an immediate-access digital book. You can access it by clicking on the IA VitalSource link on your Canvas Home Page. By now, you should be halfway through Stuart's book if you are reading it line by line, or alternatively, you could skim-read the entire book before beginning your term-paper assignment. 2) Please answer the following questions in your paper, and support your answers with appropriate evidence: -- The topic of Stuart's book is megafaunal extinction. Define what megafauna are, in both qualitative and quantitative terms. What segment of time is Stuart focused on when discussing extinction? What are the global patterns of extinction he sees over time and space? In other words, how many megafaunal species go extinct worldwide, and how does the timing and relative percentages of megafaunal extinction vary across Earth's terrestrial continents and islands? -- Many megafauna perished during the time in question. This includes mammoth, mastodon, gomphothere, straight-tusked elephant, ground sloth, dire wolf, Western camel, equid, tapir, saber- toothed cat, cave bear, woolly rhinoceros, cave hyena, aurochs, Irish elk, bison, stag-moose, toxodont, macrauchenid, glyptodont, giant muskox, elephant bird, diprotodont, giant echidna, giant koala, mihirung (thunder bird), moa, marsupial lion, marsupial tapir, thylacine, and protemnodont. Pick one of these extinct forms and briefly describe its taxonomy, systematics, chronology, habitat, niche, and general behavior. -- There are several hypotheses about why late Pleistocene megafauna went extinct. What are the two major causal explanations? What are some less tenable ideas that account for their disappearance? Which explanation(s) do you think has the most merit? Why? -- Finally, what are the current prospects for Holocene megafauna that live today? Why is this an important issue for understanding past human evolution and the future of our species? 3) The paper will be at least six to seven pages long. It will consist of a cover page, four to six pages of text, one page of cited references, and a grading sheet appended at the end (copy and paste that sheet from the last page of these instructions... see last page below). You should consult and list at least five references. One of them should be Stuart (you cannot use our main text, an encyclopedia, a dictionary, or Wikipedia as one of the five required sources). I request that you use primary sources, i.e., that you make an honest attempt to get original source materials rather than second-hand treatments. You may access second-hand sources (like the internet or newspapers) to help you better understand the subject matter, but it is preferable to cite scholarly, peer-reviewed sources in the paper. It is acceptable to use online journal references (or any other sources published verbatim online with the original page numbers, e.g., JSTOR). 4) The first paper is due on October 24 (one week after Exam # 2). It must be turned in as a Word file sent to my email address by the due date. All papers are submitted via your campus e-mail address (no submissions via Canvas or personal web address). Please give your name, class section, and paper ID when you name your Word file and your email header (e.g., Smith, Veronica 161-03 TP 1). I will make comments on your Word file with an electronic red pen (do not send PDF, Pages, or Google Docs files). A term paper must be turned in by 11:59 p.m. on the due date. No late papers will be accepted. Use your own words in writing the paper (plagiarism, or any other kind of dishonesty, will result in a zero grade). A revised version of the first paper will be due on November 21 (one week after Exam 3). IMPORTANT: You must deposit the improved second version in your GE e-Portfolio. Click on the Assignments link on the left side of the Canvas Home Page, then click on the file labeled Term Paper Assignment GE e- Portfolio Upload, and drag a copy of your revised paper into the available drop space).

Formatting Requirements for the Term Paper (Anth. 161): 1) Margins: 1.5" on left; 1" on top, right, and bottom 2) Main Body of Text: Double-spaced (make sure to first turn off default spacing between paragraphs) 3) Fonts: 10 or 12 size (12 is standard); please use Times font style (use same font style and size throughout) 4) Paper will consist of a Cover Page (1), Text Pages (4 minimum), and References Cited Page (a minimum of five referencesyou cannot use your main text as one of those five) 5) Items on Cover Page: -- PAPER TITLE (3 double spaces down from top margin; all capitals; centered) -- by (6 double spaces down from title; lower-case letters; centered) -- Your Name (1 double space down from by; centered) -- four lines of information in lower right-hand corner of cover page: Anthropology 161 0930-1045 TTH Instructor: W. A. Dodd, Ph.D. October 24, 2024 the above four lines are left-justified (i.e., aligned on their left side) 6) First Page of Text: Title is repeated exactly as it appears on cover page (centered, all caps, but at top margin of page one). 7) There is no page number on the first page of text. All subsequent pages of text are numbered either top center, top right, bottom center, or bottom right. Page numbers never go along the left margin. 8) The first line of each paragraph in the paper is indented (no blocking of paragraphs). 9) The opening paragraph of the paper starts 2 double spaces below the paper title on the first page of text. 10) The paper should have one paragraph as an introduction (summary of the problem, what will be covered, possible hint at the conclusions, etc.). The ensuing parts of the paper should be organized coherently by using subheadings to separate major sections of the paper. There should be a logical flow between major sections of the paper (evidenced both in thought and words). The paper should be well thought out in its organization, rather than merely put together haphazardly (use the subheadings to give it organization). The text should be ended with a short Conclusion or Summary section. 11) Subheadings are placed against the left margin. Use initial caps only in words of the subheading (articles such as "a" or "the," or prepositions such as "from" or "to" can be lower case; the only exception is when they start the subheading, in which case they are capitalized). Place a new subheading 2 double spaces down from the end of a prior paragraph, and then start the next paragraph 1 double space down from the subheading. Subheadings can be bolded or underlined (not both), but whichever one you choose, be consistent in its use. If you make subheadings bold, you must make the title bold also. 12) All references mentioned in the text of the paper have to be properly cited on a References Cited page that follows the main text. You can put the References Cited heading right at the top margin of the page, then come down 2 double spaces to begin listing your sources. 13) All references listed in the back of the paper must be listed alphabetically by surname, and followed by date of publication, and specific reference material. Entries should be single-spaced, with a double-space between entries.

14) Examples of different kinds of references cited (hypothetical): Linden, David J. 2009 The Accidental Mind: How Brain Evolution Has Given Us Love, Memory, Dreams, and God. Cambridge (MA): Belknap Press. [example of book title] Anonymous n.d. The concept of trait transmission in chimps. MS. [example of ref where there is no author listed, no date of publication, and it is a manuscriptavoid such refs if possible] Camonille, Priscilla 2001 Development of Genetic Theory During the 1970s. Journal of Modern Genetics 13(2):43- 47. [a journal article] 2002 The Not So Selfish Meme. Memetics Today 6(3):2-5. [example of more than one ref by same author] Davou, Mara 2008 Great Ape Connections. In New Concepts in Genetic Science, R. G. Matson and D. D. Gish, eds., pp. 54-65. Paris: Mouflon Publishers. [example of article in a book] Robertson, Marie 2001 The Dog-on-the-Leash Principle. [internet ref. example] Zeta, Humberto 1999a Imitative Behaviors. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. [example of refs by 1 author in same yr] 1999b Is the Bonobo Unique? San Francisco: Academic Publishing House. 15) References must be listed in the text in order to show where you got your information. Generally, it is done by putting the source in parentheses (Example: Davou (2001) identifies the brain as the chief area where memes reside.). If you give very specific information from a source, such as numerical figures or very specific knowledge from a reference, you must give the page numbers where it is found. If you are merely summarizing the main conclusion from an entire reference, then you need not give specific page numbers (Example: Davou 2001:32). 16) If you give a citation that is a direct quote, you must follow it with the author's name, date of publication, and page numbers [Example: Robertson says that, "Traits are permanently tied to genes and can never operate independently of them" (2001:13-14)]. Use quotes sparingly (short ones / no more than 4 total). 17) If you use figures in your paper, they must be numbered and captioned. If they are adapted from another source, then you must state that source. Figures do not count as pages of text. You can also use endnotes if you so desire (but I would suggest leaving them out for a paper of this short length). And please do not use footnotes. 18) Printed paper submissions will not be done this semester. When a paper copy is submitted, however, the final paper is stapled in the upper left-hand corner. Please do not use paper clips to bind a paper, as they usually come apart. It is also unnecessary to bind the paper in a folder (simply stapled will do). 19) After submission, the paper will be graded according to the university scoring guide that we discussed on the first day of class. You will receive feedback on your writing. I will make red notations in the body of your paper. At the back of your paper, I will circle in red the suggested improvements you need to make for improving your writing and your grade. When submitting the revised paper, you will not need to include the grading sheet with your second paper, as I will keep an electronic copy on file. Do not re- submit the first paper; all I need is your second (revised) version without the grading sheet attached at the back. A sample grading sheet is shown on the next page (what you need to fix will be circled in red).

SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT (what you need to correct is circled below): CS = cover sheet G = grammar P = punctuation S = spelling T = transitions (between paper sections) C = assigned question set for content (see term-paper instructions) SP = paper spacing PA = pagination MA = paper margins FT = font (must be Times 12 or Times 10 only, and be the same throughout the paper) CI = citations (in-text listing of author, date, page #s) RF = references cited (after-text listing of your sources) PS = primary sources (must be original, scholarly references-- not secondary ones) I B C = introduction body conclusion LT = text length (must be at least 4 full pages and not more than 6 pages) QT = quotations (not done correctly, or too many of them-- no more than 4 short ones) SH = subheadings (you must use them, and do them correctly) WC = writing center (visit Writing Center online) Here is how students can make one-on-one appointments: 1. through the Writing Center's website: http://www.fresnostate.edu/artshum/writingcenter/ 2. or directly at this Setmore page: http://fresnostatewritingcenter7333.setmore.com/ Grade: KC = CC = RC = Total = _____ (x 4 + 2) = ______ Grade: KC = CC = RC = Total = _____ (x 4 +

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