• Patrick’s luck had changed overnight – but not his skill at mathematical reasoning. The day after graduating from college he used the $20 that his grandmother had given him as a graduation gift to buy a lottery ticket. He knew his chances of winning the lottery were extremely low and it probably was not a good way to spend this money. But he also remembered from the class he took in business analytics that bad decisions sometimes result in good outcomes. So he said to himself, “What the heck? Maybe this bad decision will be the one with a good outcome.” And with that thought, he bought his lottery ticket.