Please answer each question with a minimum of 5 sentences each referring to the article:

1. Corporate-level strategy: (focusing on growth and the business model including defining vision and mission, conducting SWOT and value chain analysis, understanding resource-based view, forming M&A and strategic alliance, competitive dynamics, etc) 2. Business-level strategy; (focusing on product strategies including differentiation and/or cost leadership, blue ocean strategy, etc) 3. Strategy implementation and competitive advantage: (focusing on process models that puts plans and strategies into action, corporate governance, business ethics, achieving competitive advantage, etc) 4. Strategy and globalization: (highlighting the strategic implications relative to globalization, location choices, etc) 5. Strategy and technology: (highlighting the need to develop strategies for technology)

answer in paragraphs

The Economist December 21st 2019 Business 99 Schumpeter | The buzz around AirPods Why is the ear worth so much less than the kve? about four times the revenues of a headphone veteran like Bose. Horace Dediu, a technology analyst, predicts that this quarter Air- Pod sales could exceed those of the iPod at its peak around Christ- mas 2007. With iPhone sales slowing, AirPods are a new way of generating revenue from Apple's legions of loyalists, they even al- low Siri, the company's voice activated virtual assistant, to worm her way closer to listeners' brains. The overall market is spreading to the masses, too. Some wireless earbuds sell for as little as $20. Audible content is likewise undergoing a mini-revolution. For the third year in a row, revenues from recorded music in America grew by double dieits in 2018 largely thanks to subscriptions to Spotify, Apple Music and the like. Podcasts have grown both more numerous and more compelling. This year Spotify has set out to rule the roost in this medium, which Apple first streamed via iTunes in the mid-2000s. The Swedish firm acquired Gimlet, An- chor and Parcast, three firms that serve different aspects of the podcast market; it now hosts a staggering 500,000 podcasts; hours spent listening to them grew by 39% year-on-year in the third quarter. In October it boasted that the conversion of podcast lis- teners to paying subscribers is almost too good to be true The battleground stretches beyond carbuds to the car radio. On December 12th the Wall Street Journal reported that SiriusXM, a sat- T TNTIL RECENTLY the ear was a part of the body relatively uncon- ellite-radio arm of Liberty Media, had sought clearance from the U quered by commerce. The greck long ago fell to the necklace, Department of Justice to raise its stake in iHeartMedia, America's the ruff and the tie, The wrist surrendered to the bracelet and the largest radio broadcaster and a big podcasting platform. The aim watch. The eye sold out to spectacles, shades and mascara. But the would be to compete more effectively against Spotify and otherau- ears were a low-rentzone for business, good mostly for cheap jew- dio-streaming services both for subscribers and advertising rev- ellery, earphones and hearing aids walk around any big city and it enues, Previously Mr Maffei has talked excitedly about podcasting is clear how quickly that is changing--thanks to headphones, car- The proliferation of digital-streaming devices has spawned the buds and a torrent of new stuff blaring through them growth of other listening formats. This year, for the first time, the Apple, as usual, caught the trend carly. The number of its Air Audio Publishers Association, an industry group, reported that Pods, mocked for looking like broken Q-tips when introduced in hal of Americans listened to an audiobook, a trend it said was 2016, is estimated to have doubled to bom pairs this year. They boosted by the popularity of digital-streaming devices, as well as have spawned a wave of imitators, from Amazon's black Echo Buds podcasts. Audible, owned by Amazon, is the market leader. Mal- to Xiaomi's Airdots (popular in China) and Microsoft's Surface Ear- colm Gladwell, an American author and podcaster, has turned the buds-which creepily link directly to its orice software, including audio version of his latest book "Talking to Strangers", into what PowerPoint. The devices grow symbiotically with another craze: seems like a supersized podcast with his own narration, actors for streamed audio content in addition to music, such as podcasts and music. Romantics see it as a return to the oral tradition. Apple helped popularise this genre. But Spotify, a Swedish stream- Though small, some of this spoken word has better economics ing service, and big American broadcasting conglomerates, such than the sung variety. As Ben Thompson of Stratechery, a tech as Liberty Media are muscling in. newsletter, has pointed out, the more music Spotify's customers Industry executives contend that audio is undervalued-espe download, the more its costs rise because of payments to recordla- cially compared with videos Spotify's co-founder, Daniel Ek, bels. Podcasts are different Spotify has more bargaining power said earlier this year, time spent on each is about the same, but the over myriad individual podcasters jostling to reach its 248m-odd video industry is worth $iten versus $toobn for audio. "Are our users than it does over record labels. It also buys its exclusive pod- eyes really worth ten times more than our ears?" he asks. casts at a fixed cost. The problem is advertising, Ad revenues are The eveball plainly still dominates. The number of screenspaltry In America terrestrial radio still accounts for 82% ofan au duarts that of "hearables". Between them, just three Tinseltown dio ad market valued at more than Szbn. SiriusXMand Spotify groups Warner Media, Disney and Netflix-have spent as much have just a sliver of the pie. as $250bn on visual programming since 2010. Audio, including music, comes nowhere near. That said, the battle to "monetise the back door to the brain par" as Greg Maffel. Liberty Media's boss, puts it, is in full swing. Apple has the clout to make the industry more profitable it could These days no one would lend Mark Antony theirs, they would rent use its strong position with Airiods. Apple Music, podcasts and or sell them. Siri to create a swirl of audio content around the iPhone-an eco- Take hardware first. Apple does not release figures for any of its system in the jargon-and take the lion's share of advertising. For "wearables", but AirPods are the fastest growing of all of its pro- the time being, though, it appears to be more focused on creating duets with profit margins above 50% says Dan Ives of Wedbush video content, in its battle for eyeballs with Netflix. That is lucky Securities an investment firm, with the new noise-cancelling Air for Spotify. It gives it a bigger opening in the audio market. It is Pod Pro, which costs around $250 a pair, he reckons Apple's ear- good for listeners, too. The last thing anyone wants is a Big Tech be- ware way generate up to $15bn of sales next year. That would be hemoth controlling the next best thing to a brain implant