Please explain the answer below in detail and step by step. As im so confuse how fork$(),$magic$()$ work and how to get the output.Thank you!

There are two code examples of using fork$()$ function, which is a popular way to create a

subprocess. Please answer the following questions about these two codes.

Question:b$)$ In the left code example, how many times will the function magic$()$ be executed. How many

subprocesses will be created. Please explain the detailed calculation steps.

Answer:$14$ times. $7$ sub$-$processes are created.

Solution $1$:

The total number of executions of the function magic$()$ can be calculated as following,

$1.$ For the main process, the function magic$()$ will be executed for $3$ times, and there are $3$ sub

processes being created during i$=1,2,3,$ which can be named as main$-1,$ main$-2,$ main$-3.$

$2.$ For the sub process main$-1,$ the function magic$()$ will be executed for $3$ times, and there are

$2$ sub processes being created during i$=2,3,$ which can be named as main$-1-2,$ main$-1-3.$

$3.$ For the sub process main$-2,$ the function magic$()$ will be executed for $2$ times, and there is

$1$ sub process being created during i$=3,$ which can be named as main$-2-3.$

$4.$ For the sub process main$-3,$ the function magic$()$ will be executed for $1$ time, and no sub

processes will be created.

$5.$ For the sub process main$-1-2,$ the function magic$()$ will be executed for $2$ times, and there

are $1$ sub process being created during i$=3,$ which can be named as main$-1-2-3.$

$6.$ For the sub process main$-1-3,$ the function magic$()$ will be executed for $1$ time, and no sub

processes will be created.

$7.$ For the sub process main$-2-3,$ the function magic$()$ will be executed for $1$ time, and no sub

processes will be created.

$-10-$

$8.$ For the sub process main$-1-2-3,$ the function magic$()$ will be executed for $1$ times, and no

sub processes will be created.

Thus, in a total, there are $3+3+2+1+2+1+1+1=14$ times executions of the function magic$().$

Solution $2$: Let the total number of executions of the function magic$()$ with loop number i be

F$($i$),$ we have F$($i$)=2*($F$($i$-1)+1),$ F$(0)=0,$ so

F$(1)=2($F$(0)+1)=2$

F$(2)=2($F$(1)+1)=6$

F$(3)=2($F$(2)+1)=14$

$,$ thus the answer is $14.$

Question:What is the possible output of the right code example? If there are multiple possible outputs,

please list them all.

Answer:

Two possible answers. ABBCC or ABCBC.