please help Demographic segmentation sorts a market by elements such as age, education, income, family size, race, gender, occupation, and nationality. Demographic is one of the simplest and most commonly used forms of segmentation because the products and services we buy, how we use those products, and how much we are willing to spend on them is most often based on demographic factors.

31 What are uraemic frost conditions?

32 What is the role of terlipressin or novapressin in the management of hepatorenal syndrome?

33 What is the rationale of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in chronic renal disease?

34 What procedure is recommended for post renal transplant if this is the second graft?

35 Do the cysts in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (PCKD) undergo malignant transformation and in what percentage?

36 In a 69-year-old patient with a 2-cm hard prostatic nodule on digital rectal examination, what is the more appropriate way to make a definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer: prostate biopsy or serum prostatespecific antigen (PSA)?

37 A 50-year-old patient complains from slight lower urological symptoms (mild difficulty in urination). By digital rectal examination a mass of (1) hypertrophy can be palpated. His family history contains cases of prostate cancer (in some relatives). What is the next investigation to do in this patient? Titration of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA): Is it useful in such a patient? Why? Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)? TRUS-guided needle biopsy?

38 What are the causes of urinary incontinence in the elderly?

39 For how long could urinary retention persist after major gastrointestinal tract surgery? Will cholinesterase inhibitors be of benefit in enhancing emptying of the bladder?

40 1. What are the possible causes of a large, white kidney? 2. What is the physiological significance of a giant cell?