( PLEASE SOLVE IT ) from the following refrences

THE QUESTION:

Explain the opportunities available for each supply chain driver to be socially responsible.

Select 5 supply chain driver and provide example for each.

ISSUES The issue on environmental pollution. Every individual and every company releases waste and pollution into the environment in the form of sewage, chemicals, and carbon dioxide. - Global warming; risk of drought, disrupted water supplies, swelling of oceans - melting of ice sheets The overuse of natural resources such as fish, water, and forests. SOLUTIONS Mutual Coercion. Social arrangements or mechanisms coerce all participants to behave in a way that belps the common good. Mutual coercion can be attempted through a command-and-control approach or market mechanisms. In a commandeandecoatrol approach, the government or regulators set standards that everybody must adhere to. An example is carbon monoxide emission standards set by the United States for new autocsobiles. Another example is the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) directive from the European Union that is geared at proper recyeling and landfill avoidance in the electrical and electronics industry. The challenge with command-and-control approaches is that they tend to be inflexible and rarely cost effective. In market, mechanism, one mechanism has becn referred to as "cap-and-trade" which constrains the aggregate emissions by creating a limited number of tradeable emission allowances that emission sources must secure and surrender in proportion to their cmissions. Any failure to surrender the appropriate number of allowances leads to a significant fine. The mechanism starts with the governmen creating a limited number of total allowances that are distributed among all players in the economy. If players generate fewer emissions than the allowances they own, they can sell their sumplus allowances to others that may be polluting above their limit and need additional allowances. The "price" of allowances in this mechanisen will be created by the supply and demand for allowances. Such a mechanism offers companies an incentive to reduce their emissions because they get a financial reward for this improvement by selling their additioaal allowances to those that cannot (or are uable to) reduce their emissions. The hope with this mechanism is that firms will choose the least expensive way to comply with the emissions limit by either implenenting emissions reduction plans or buyiag allowances on the open market. A second mechanism to control emissions is an emission tax. Each entity geacrating greenhouse gases is charged a tax proportional to the size of the emissions. A charge for emissions will encourage companies to reduce their emissions using all ideas whose marginal cosis is less than the charge. As a result of an emission tax, the total amosint of greenhouse gases produeed will decrease. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) All firms should measure and report on these four categories: 1. Energy consumption 2. Water consumption 3. Greenhouse gas emissions 4. Waste generation