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Please explain in details

Note: Don't copy from any other source if you do so then rephrase and paraphrase, if you failed to do so I won't be hesitant to mark your answer unhelpful Explain all the given topics with clear and convincing examples.

1-Gerund, infinitive

2-Skimming and scanning

3-Synonyms antonyms

4-Kinds of adverbs and adjectives