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Case study Please read Case 5: "Lead in Toys and Drinking Water" available in your e-book (page no.615), and answer the following questions: Assignment Questions: 1. Should there be a global standard for toy manufacturing? What are some of the benefits and what are some of the drawbacks of a potential global quality and manufacturing standard? (marks: 2, minimum words: 250 words) 2. With some 80 percent of the toys sold in the United States being manufactured in China, should the United States place greater emphasis on its toy-trading relationship with China? Could the United States control China's manufacturing more than it does today? How? (marks: 2, word limit: minimum 300) 3. The Flint, Michigan, water crisis highlighted a major issue in the United States regarding old lead-based pipes used to transport water to the community. This came to light in Flint due to the failure of applying corrosion inhibitors to the water when the city leadership decided to switch water sources. What global fail-safe mechanisms should be enforced on water consumption, and other consumable products, to safeguard from potential lead poisoning? (mark: 1, word limit: minimum 250 words) Lead in Toys and Drinking Water Toys for children are made in numerous countries and ularly issues recalls of toys that have the potential to then exported to buyers throughout the world. In some pose children to danger such as leader other heavy countries, such as the United States, certain protection metals. Lead may be found in the paint and in the plastic exists to make sure that toys are safe for children. The used to make the toys finested es children chewing US. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) repontoys), lead is point and can damage the servous 615 system and cause brain disorders. Lead is also a human body. Another fortunate part about lead is torin that can accumulate in both soft tissue and bones in that it is invisible to the sake ge and has no defect the body able smell. This means that children may be exposed to For these reasons. lead was banned in house paint on lead from toys and other consumer products) through toys marketed to children and in dishes or cookware in normal playing activity is hand to mouth activity) the United States in 1978. In addition, in an agreement As everyone with children, children often put between China's General Administration of Quality So toysfingers and other objects in their mouth. exposing pervision. Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) and themselves to lead paint or dest CPSC, the Chinese agreed to take action to eliminate the The Flint. Michal crisis that spanned 2014 use of lead paint for Chinese manufactured toys that are to 2017 is one significant news story that highlighted exported to the United States. With China's prominence the format part about lead being invisible and with as a boy manufacturing country, this apreement was a step no delectable smell. The Flint water crisis started in toward making sale products for children April 2014 when it city management changed its Still lead continues to be a hazard in a quarter of all ter source from the treated Deer Water and Sewerage U S. Domes with children under age 6. A wide range of Department water (which is owned from Lake Horn toys and children's products, including many market and the Detroit River to the Flint River. A critical leading and repotable brands, often contain either lead mistake in making this switch of water source was that or other heavy metals les arsenic, cadmium, mercury. Flint officials failed to apply correion inhibitors to the antimony, or chromium). Estimates exist that suggest water. The result was that pard of 12.000 children that one-third of Chinese toys still contain heavy metals were exposed to drinking water with high levels of lead. These estimates are supported by researchers from Contaminated drinking water with lead or other con Greenpeace and IPEN, who conducted a study by wing taminants-isa problem that affects some 1.8 billion soo toys and children's products they bought in fine people in the world according to the World Health Chinese cities. They tested the products with handheld Organizati Xray scanners and found that 163 of the toys were Children are also more vulnerable to lead than tainted with heavy metals above the norm (32.6 per adults, there is no safe level of lad for children. The cent). These contaminated toys not only poisonchiworldwide toy industry has published a voluntary stan dren when chewed or touched, but can enter the body dard of 90 ppm (parts per million for lead in toys through the air they breathe." said Ada Kong Chousan which, of course is greater than a ban on lead in paint at Greenpeace. This testing result is a major problem used for tos and in the materials used to make the toys given that China manufactures 80 percent of the toys (such as plastics. But since 2007, the world has at least sold in the United States een stricter standards the voluntary or regulated While lead in the paint on toys has not been elimi standards that make it safe for children to play with nated the focus on cleaning up lead in the paint has newly purchased toys. The CPSC in the United States been given front page coverage in the news for the last the European Union and China's AQSIQ are actively decade Lead in toys is certainly not gone, but at least monitoring and enforcing stricter standards. But, ac more and more people are paying attention. Several cording to Scott Wolfson of the CPSC, many toy mane organization-both governmental and private-eeus facturers have been violating safety regulations for ining lead bused point in toys on a continual basis. For almost 30 years. So a fer now and are there example, The New York Times and Consumer Retely safe to play with throughout the world What do we cently found that dangerous products for children are do with the old toys old water pipes and untested still widely available. The Ecology Center, which is products headquartered in Ann Arbor, Michigan, has created a website called Healthy Stufrog that contains a database Sources of toys and other products that have been tested for dan perous chemicals Liam Sack List Water Drop, but Residents While lead in paint seems to be in focus, the use of Sell Call The Peary 3017 lead in plastics has not been hanned! Lead is used to Andy Roberto Fares Real Montes Collectibles soften the plastic and make it more flexible to allow it 30 MM Ceseys Contain and Tech Den Tyldur Fer February 28 to go back to its original shape after children play with Metals. The December. :P Kame. the toys. Plus, lead may also be used in plastic toys to to Eliminate and CNN M Septem stabilize molecules from heat. Unfortunately, when the her 11, 2002: USC De Control and Prevention plastic is exposed to sunlight, air, and detergents, for www.des March 2014 example, the chemical bond between the lead and plas U.S. Potensin Laat. ha. ties breaks down and forms dust that can cater the American, F.014