Problem $2$: Vehicles Characteristics

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$\backslash$hline Sample & $\backslash$begin$\{$tabular$\}\{$l$\}$

Make $\backslash \backslash$

$($Nominal$)$

$\backslash$end$\{$tabular$\}$ & $\backslash$begin$\{$tabular$\}\{$l$\}$

Type $\backslash \backslash$

$($Nominal$)$

$\backslash$end$\{$tabular$\}$ & $\backslash$begin$\{$tabular$\}\{$l$\}$

Fuel $\backslash \backslash$

Efficiency $\backslash \backslash$

$($Continuous$)$

$\backslash$end$\{$tabular$\}$ & $\backslash$begin$\{$tabular$\}\{$l$\}$

Horsepower $\backslash \backslash$

$($Continuous$)$

$\backslash$end$\{$tabular$\}$ & $\backslash$begin$\{$tabular$\}\{$l$\}$

Num $\backslash \backslash$

Seats $\backslash \backslash$

$($Ordinal$)$

$\backslash$end$\{$tabular$\}$ & $\backslash$begin$\{$tabular$\}\{$l$\}$

Price $\backslash \backslash$

$($Continuous$)$

$\backslash$end$\{$tabular$\}$ & $\backslash$begin$\{$tabular$\}\{$l$\}$

Class $\backslash \backslash$

$($Target

$\backslash$end$\{$tabular$\}\backslash \backslash$

$\backslash$hline $1$ & Toyota & Sedan & $30\mathrm{.}5$ & $150$ & $5$ & $25000$ & Family $\backslash \backslash$

$\backslash$hline $2$ & Ford & Truck & $18\mathrm{.}2$ & $300$ & $3$ & $35000$ & Utility $\backslash \backslash$

$\backslash$hline $3$ & Honda & SUV & $25\mathrm{.}8$ & $180$ & $7$ & $28000$ & Family $\backslash \backslash$

$\backslash$hline $4$ & Mercedes & Coupe & $22\mathrm{.}0$ & $400$ & $2$ & $75000$ & Sport $\backslash \backslash$

$\backslash$hline $5$ & Nissan & Hatchback & $35\mathrm{.}5$ & $120$ & $4$ & $20000$ & Compa $\backslash \backslash$

$\backslash$hline $6$ & Chevrolet & Sedan & $28\mathrm{.}0$ & $160$ & $5$ & $27000$ & Family $\backslash \backslash$

$\backslash$hline $7$ & Volkswagen & SUV & $23\mathrm{.}5$ & $200$ & $6$ & $32000$ & Family $\backslash \backslash$

$\backslash$hline $8$ & BMW & Coupe & $20\mathrm{.}1$ & $350$ & $2$ & $70000$ & Sport $\backslash \backslash$

$\backslash$hline $9$ & Subaru & Wagon & $31\mathrm{.}2$ & $130$ & $5$ & $23000$ & Family $\backslash \backslash$

$\backslash$hline $10$ & Hyundai & Hatchback & $29\mathrm{.}8$ & $110$ & $4$ & $19000$ & Compa $\backslash \backslash$

$\backslash$hline

$\backslash$end$\{$tabular$\}$

$1.$ Rule$-$Based Classification: Create rules to classify vehicles into different classes based on attributes like Make, Type, Fuel Efficiency, Horsepower, Num Seats, and Price.

$2.$ Rule Interpretation: Interpret the created rules. Explain the conditions under which a vehicle is classified into a specific class.

$3.$ Rule Modification: Modify one of the rules to observe how it affects the classification. Explain the impact of the modification.

$4.$ Rule Confidence: Assign confidence levels to the rules. For example, how confident are you in classifying a vehicle as "Sport" based on the rules?

$5.$ Rule Expansion: Add a new rule to your rule$-$based system. Explain how this new rule contributes to the classification decisions.

$6.$ Rule Visualization: Visualize your rule$-$based system in a decision tree format. Each rule should correspond to a branch in the decision tree.

$7.$ Rule Application: Apply your rule$-$based system to the following instance:

$8.$ Make: Toyota, Type: Sedan, Fuel Efficiency: $28\mathrm{.}0,$ Horsepower: $160,$ Num Seats: $5,$ Price: $27000$

$9.$ Rule Refinement: Refine one of the rules to make it more specific or general. Explain the reasoning behind the refinement.

$10.$ Rule Generalization: Generalize one of the rules to make it more applicable to a broader set of vehicles. Explain the reasoning behind the generalization.