Project managers typically use $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,$ also called analogous estimating or the $\_\_\_\_\_\_$ method when there is a past history of similar projects and rough$-$cut estimates are needed for strategic purposes two$-$to$-$five years out because, as estimating methods go$,$ it is faster and less expensive. bottom$-$up$,$ learning curve top$-$down, phase estimating top$-$down, range estimating bottom$-$up$,$ range estimating top$-$down, apportion