1. Protocol:
   1. Often used interchangeably with Web Address. It identifies on the Internet.
   2. Enables communication by defining the format of data and rules for exchange.
   3. A security standard that creates an encrypted link between a web server and a browser.
   4. A language used to compose web pages.
2. Which of the following is false?
   1. Every device connected to the Internet has an Internet Protocol (IP) address.
   2. The Internet is a network of networks.
   3. A cache is a permanent storage space used to speed computing tasks.
   4. A Network Address Translation (NAT) is often used to conserve Internet Protocol (IP) addresses by mapping devices on a private network to a single Internet-connected device that acts on their behalf.
3. Amdahls Law:
   1. A systems speed is determined by its slowest component.
   2. A social phenomenon of customers cancelling or deferring orders for the current, soon-to-be-obsolete product as an unexpected drawback of a company announcing a future product prematurely.
   3. The notion that ones work will expand to fill the time available for its completion.
   4. Asserts that the value of a telecommunication network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system.
4. Understanding Bandwidth: which of the following is false?
   1. There are eight bits in a byte.
   2. Bandwidth reflects network transmission speeds, and it is usually expressed in some form of bits per second (bps).
   3. A byte is eight characters.
   4. A systems speed is determined by the slowest component.
5. Same-Side Exchange Benefits:
   1. When an increase in the number of users on one side of the market creates a rise in the other side.
   2. Benefits derived by interaction among members of multiple classes of participants.
   3. Represented by the scenario where the exchange value increases as the number of instant messaging users increases.
   4. Benefits derived by interaction among members of a single class of participant.
6. Which of the following is false?
   1. The establishment of a dominant standard may encourage innovation within the standard.
   2. Unseating a firm that dominates with network effects can be extremely difficult, especially if the newcomer is not compatible with the established leader.
   3. An oligopoly is a market where there are many buyers but only one dominant seller.
   4. Switching costs are the costs a customer incurs when moving from one product to another.

11. Which of the following is true?
    1. Phishing and spear phishing are the same thing.
    2. Spearfishing attacks specifically target a given organization or group of users.
    3. Phishing is often used to describe the forging or disguising of the origin or identity of an email
    4. Hack is a term that is used solely to describe breaking into a computer system.