Provide online research on how culture affects the personality of Tom Cruise in four hundred words (Please make sure to provide in text citations and links)

You must relate it to 2 out of 5 of these concepts: (those underlined ones are one concept)

Linton (1936, 1945)

• Personality is described in content or organization
• "Content" is the individual traits or characteristics—the specific "ingredients" that make up a person's personality. The "Organization" is how these traits are structured, arranged, or emphasized within the overall personality.

Organization has 2 types:

1. Central Organization:
2. Superficial Organization:

Enculturation 

The process by which individuals internalize and adopt the cultural characteristics, values, and norms of their society. It involves learning and absorbing the beliefs, behaviors, and customs that are prevalent in one's cultural environment.

 

Status Personality 

Involves the creation of a persona or identity that aligns with societal expectations within certain settings. It reflects the adaptability of an individual's personality to fit the norms and roles associated with specific social contexts.

 

Abram Kardiner (1939)

1. Ego Structure as a Cultural Phenomenon: This concept suggests that an individual's psychological makeup and identity are not solely determined by internal factors but are significantly shaped by cultural elements. Cultural norms, values, and expectations influence the development of an individual's ego structure.

 

2. Character as a Unique Adaptation: Within the framework of ego structure, Kardiner posits that individuals develop a unique character. This character is not arbitrary but is formed within the constraints set by the culturally-determined range of potential ego structures. In other words, individuals adapt to their cultural environment in distinctive ways, and this adaptation contributes to the development of diverse characters.

 

3. Security System and Adaptations: Kardiner introduces the idea of a security system, which consists of a series of adaptations made by individuals to ensure acceptance, approval, support, esteem, and status within their cultural group. These adaptations are ongoing and occur in a cyclical manner as individuals navigate their social environment. The security system is essentially a set of strategies individuals employ to meet cultural expectations and ensure their social integration.

 

Sorokin (1947)

1. Culture Influencing Biological Substrates of Personality: Sorokin suggests that cultural factors extend beyond shaping just psychological aspects of an individual. Instead, culture can also influence the biological substrates of personality. This implies that not only our thoughts and behaviors but also certain physiological or genetic aspects of personality may be influenced by the cultural context in which an individual exists.

 

2. Influence on Procreation and Marriage: Sorokin's assertion that culture plays a role in how people procreate or marry suggests that cultural norms, values, and societal expectations impact fundamental aspects of human reproduction and partnership. This could include norms around family structure, mate selection criteria, and the overall patterns of forming and maintaining relationships.