Q : $39+$#How do foundational theories in civil engineering, such as structural analysis, fluid mechanics, and soil mechanics, contribute to the design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure? Explore how these theories inform decision$-$making processes, ensuring structural integrity, safety, and sustainability in civil projects. Consider the role of theoretical frameworks in optimizing material usage, minimizing environmental impact, and enhancing resilience against natural disasters. Discuss the evolution of these theories over time and their adaptation to modern challenges, including urbanization, climate change, and technological advancements. Furthermore, analyze case studies illustrating the practical application and impact of theory$-$driven approaches in civil engineering projects worldwide.