Q3. Being a growing problem, plagiarism is generally defined as "literary theft" and "academic dishonesty" in the literature, and it is really crucial to be well-informed on this topic to prevent the problem and stick to the ethical norms. With this motive, the aim of this study is to investigate the prospective academicians' views on plagiarism. the degree to which they are knowledgeable about plagiarism, and the factors leading them to plagiarize, if any. The results showed although the prospective academicians have negative attitude, they might plagiarize due to foreign language problems, time constraints, and lack of knowledge about plagiarism. Source: Esra Eret, Tuba Gokmenoglu (2010) (a) Although plagiarism is one of the most discussed scientific misconducts, research fraud remains a significant problem in scientific community. Discuss what research fraud is with examples. (6 marks) (b) Propose TWO (2) strategies to avoid plagiarism. (8 marks) (e) Researchers use informed consent, an agreement in which participants state their willingness to be in a study and acknowledgement of the research procedure involved in conducting research. (i) Discuss whether the use of informed consent is to protect the researchers or the participants of research. (6 marks) Discuss critically whether the use of informed consent is sufficient to ensure adherence to research ethics. (10 marks)