Question $11$

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In Python, the start index, stop index and step size of slices can each take on negative values. $s[-1]$ refers to the last element of $s,s[-2]$ the second last and so on$.$ Negative steps sizes indicate that 'steps' are taken in the direction of decreasing indices when selecting elements to be included in the slice.

For example, 'banana' $[-1]$ will return $\text{'}$a$\text{'}$ and 'through' $[$::$-2]$ takes every alternate character of the string 'through' starting from the last character towards the first, resulting in $($Hint: when in doubt, simply open up your IDLE shell and run the respective expressions, or develop your own test cases to figure out how the slicing syntax $[$a$$c$]$ works on strings$)$