Question $1$

An industrial process control engineer is designing a gas separation unit to capture CO$2$ from air using

adsorption. The chosen process involves a specially designed adsorbent material with a high affinity for

$CO2.$ Once the adsorbent reaches its $CO2$ capacity, it requires regeneration using energy to release the

captured CO$2$ for separate capture and storage. The engineer utilizes steam to indirectly heat the

adsorbent bed to $80C$ via heat exchangers within a packed column. Additionally, steam is directly

introduced to sweep desorbed $CO2$ from the reactor, enhancing the desorption process.

Figure $1$: Block flow diagram $($BFD$)$ for adsorption$-$desorption process

Questions:

Develop a simple mass balance equation for this $CO2$ capture process.

a$.$ Adsorption step

b$.$ Desorption step

Based on the Block Flow Diagram $($BFD$)$ provided, develop a more detailed Process Flow

Diagram $($PFD$).$ This PFD should include appropriate valves, equipment symbols, and any other