QUESTION $1$ answers, $25$ marks$)$

l $.$ What king of population growth equation is more likely appropriate in a downtown area, where available lands are limited and expensive? Why? $[2\mathrm{.}5$ marks$]$

$2.$ Provide the definitions of the major and minor systems in a stormwater collection system. $[2\mathrm{.}5$ marks$]$

$3.$ List four solutions that can be used to limit the impact of urbanization on streamwater quality. $[2\mathrm{.}5$ marks$]$

$4.$ In general, drinking water distribution systems are looped, while stormwater collection systems are not. Why? $[2\mathrm{.}5$ marks$]$

$5.$ How does the presence of storage $($in$-$ground and elevated$)$ in a drinking water distribution system affect the capacity of pumps at the water treatment plant and their energy efficiency? $[2\mathrm{.}5$ marks$]$

$6.$ Water losses in drinking water distribution systems is a major problem in many municipalities. How can they be controlled or eliminated? $[2\mathrm{.}5$ marks$]$

$7.$ Overflows from combined sewer systems are a threat to aquatic life in many urban centers, and their frequency is likely to increase in the future because of global warming. Provide one structural and one non$-$structural method to reduce them $[2\mathrm{.}5$ marks$]$

$8.$ What is meant by decentralized water and sewer systems, and how are these used p$\mathrm{.}5$ marks$]$

$9.$ The rational method is the most commonly used formula for peak flow calculation in urban watersheds, despite the fact it relies on multiple simplifying assumptions. Discuss two of these assumptions $[2\mathrm{.}5$ marks$]$

$10.$ How do the maximum and minimum wastewater peak flow factors change with the size of the serviced area? Why? $[2\mathrm{.}5$ marks$]$