Question $1$: Evaluate how the logistics functions can assist Nasta in solving the logistical problems highlighted in the scenario.Logistics functions can significantly assist Nasta in addressing its logistical problems by focusing on several key areas:Improving Transportation Reliability: Nasta faces issues with shortages, damages, and decomposition of vegetables and chickens during transportation, which vary from $10\%$ to $15\%29.$ By implementing a more reliable transportation system, such as using refrigerated trucks and selecting more dependable transporters, Nasta can reduce these losses. Additionally, establishing contracts with transporters that include penalties for delays and damages can improve accountability and reliability.Enhancing Coordination and Communication: The lack of proper coordination at different distribution centers leads to problems of stocks, spoilage, pilferage, and wastage of raw materials and finished goods $29.$ Implementing a robust Logistics Information Network $($LIN$)$ can streamline communication between procurement centers and the operating center at Thane. This system can provide real$-$time updates on stock levels, transit times, and potential issues, allowing for better decision$-$making and coordination.Optimizing Inventory Management: Seasonal demand fluctuations due to holidays, festivals, and collegians put pressure on the existing demand and supply situations of Nasta, resulting in mismanagement and losses $29.$ By employing advanced inventory management techniques such as Just$-$In$-$Time $($JIT$)$ and safety stock calculations, Nasta can better align its inventory levels with demand patterns, reducing the risk of overstocking or stockouts.Question $2$: Advise Nasta with different types of forecasting techniques and select one that you think is most suitable for the company.Nasta can use various forecasting techniques to predict demand and manage its supply chain more effectively:Qualitative Forecasting: This method involves using expert opinions, market research, and Delphi techniques to predict future demand. It is useful when historical data is limited or when launching new products.Time Series Analysis: This technique uses historical data to identify patterns and trends over time. Methods such as moving averages, exponential smoothing, and ARIMA models fall under this category. Time series analysis is suitable for products with stable and predictable demand patterns.Causal Models: These models consider the relationship between the demand for Nasta and other variables such as economic indicators, marketing efforts, and competitor actions. Regression analysis is a common causal model technique.Given Nasta's seasonal demand fluctuations and the need for accurate short$-$term forecasts, Time Series Analysis is the most suitable technique. Specifically, exponential smoothing can help Nasta account for trends and seasonal variations in demand, providing more accurate forecasts and enabling better inventory and production planning.Question $3$: Examine any $3$ roles of packaging in logistics for Nasta brand and state one challenge faced by Nasta with their packaging in the case study.Protection: Packaging plays a crucial role in protecting Nasta's products from physical damage, contamination, and spoilage during transportation and storage. Effective packaging ensures that the products reach customers in good condition, maintaining their quality and safety.Marketing and Branding: Packaging serves as a marketing tool by making Nasta's products attractive and recognizable to consumers. Good packaging design can enhance brand image and influence purchasing decisions, especially among young collegians and office goers who are the primary target market for Nasta $29.$Convenience: Packaging provides convenience to both consumers and logistics operations. For consumers, different pack sizes $($party$,$ family, and individual$)$ cater to various needs and occasions. For logistics$,$ standardized packaging sizes facilitate easier handling, storage, and transportation.Challenge: One significant challenge faced by Nasta with their packaging is that it is not long$-$lasting. Nasta loses its taste and flavor after $8$ hours if it is not preserved in refrigeration $29.$ This short shelf life poses a logistical challenge, as it requires efficient and timely distribution to ensure that the products reach consumers while still fresh.