QUESTION $1$: Read the abstracts$,$and other sections describing the focus of the research. For each of these three case studies $($A and B$)$below$,$ derive three core questions and related sub$-$questions.

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QUESTION $2$: Select any two of the case studies $($A and B$),$that you studied in QUESTION $1$and unravel the concept of each. Use the tree diagram format as illustrated in the lecture. Add as much detail as possible.

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$$Note: CONCEPTS are important, not the details of each of the case studies.

A$).$TOPIC: The Kinetic Energy Storage as an Energy Buffer for Electric Vehicles. Abstract It is considered a hybrid driveline intended for electric vehicle in which Kinetic Energy Storage$($KES$)$is used as an energy buffer for the load levelling over the main energy source$$Li$-$Ion battery. Relations for KES local efficiency are worked out. Overall efficiencies of the parallel power branches are defined, and a control strategy for power split is proposed based on the alternative storage devices State of Charge$($SoC$).$Quantity estimations of KES influence on the battery loading are obtained by evaluation of covered mileage, achievable with a single battery recharge over standard driving cycles, and by expected battery cycle$-$life prediction.

B$).$TOPIC: Stability Assessment of Diaphram Cellular Cofferdams Subjected to Severe Hydro$-$structural Conditions. Abstract: Background: Cellular cofferdams are a temporary construction consisting of interlocking steel sheet pilings driven into the ground as a series of interconnecting cells. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the stability of cofferdams with a circular diaphragm due to lateral load in dry and wet soil cases. Discussion: A series of laboratory tests were performed on different width to height ratios$(0\mathrm{.}8,0\mathrm{.}9,$and$1\mathrm{.}0),$berm ratios$(0\mathrm{.}2$H$,0\mathrm{.}3$H$,$and$0\mathrm{.}4$H$),$and embedment depth ratios$(0\mathrm{.}2$H$,0\mathrm{.}3$H$,$and$0\mathrm{.}4$H$)$with four types of soil fill$($clay soil, river sand, sand passing sieve No$\mathrm{.}4,$and sub base$).$The coupled circular