QUESTION 2 (20 Marks) Read the abstract below, which was extracted from the South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, Vol 20, No. 1 (2017) and answer the questions that follow: A comparison of South African and German extrinsic and intrinsic motivation Robin Snelgar, Stacy A. Shelton, Anne Giesser Abstract Background: Various researchers have identified a trend of individuals shifting their preference from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation. The authors aimed to research this phenomenon specifically within the context of two different cultures as to date, this had not been done. This research explored the differing levels of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation in Germans and South Africans. Aim: The main objective of this study was to investigate similarities and differences concerning extrinsic and intrinsic motivation in the workplace between German and South African cultures by examining individuals with working experience and tertiary education specifically. In addition, the research investigated differences in the motivation of respondents with regard to demographics such as gender, age and income. Setting: The setting took place in South Africa and Germany. Methods: In the study, exploratory factor analysis was utilised to prove validity of Cinar, Bektas and Aslans twodimensional measure of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Moreover, analysis of variance and t-tests were used to show differences among demographic variables. Descriptive statistics such as means, central tendency and Cronbachs alpha were also utilised. Results: The results revealed preferences for intrinsic motivational factors for the whole sample with higher levels of intrinsic motivation for the South African respondents compared to German respondents. Demographic characteristics played a minor role in determining levels of intrinsic motivation within individuals. Culture, however, played the biggest role in determining ones levels of intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. Conclusion: These findings play an important role in explaining differences in motivation between the two countries Germany and South Africa. It highlights the important role that cultural differences play in shaping ones form of motivation.

2.1. Based on the abstract, what is the research methodology adopted by Snelgar, Shelton and Giesser (2017)? Explain why. (3 marks)

2.2. Identify the sampling strategy is implied by the abstract? Highlight potential problems with the sampling strategy. (5 marks

) 2.3. State TWO (2) Research Objectives and TWO (2) Research Questions implied by the abstract. (4 marks) -II- 4

2.4. By utilising Cronbachs alpha in their research, Snelgar et al. (2017) demonstrate a high regard for quality assurance of the research. On the basis of the above statement, critically discuss the importance of validity and reliability as two fundamental elements in the evaluation of a measurement instrument. (5 marks)

2.5. Suppose that the study was published on pages 123 to 146 of the South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, provide a Harvard-style bibliography for the study. (3 marks)